Broadbent Jonathan M, Thomson W Murray, Ramrakha Sandhya, Moffitt Terrie E, Zeng Jiaxu, Foster Page Lyndie A, Poulton Richie
Jonathan M. Broadbent and Lyndie A. Foster Page are with the Discipline of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. W. Murray Thomson is with the Discipline of Dental Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago. Sandhya Ramrakha, Jiaxu Zeng, and Richie Poulton are with the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago. Terrie E. Moffitt is with the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC.
Am J Public Health. 2015 Jan;105(1):72-76. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301857.
Objectives. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between community water fluoridation (CWF) and IQ. Methods. We conducted a prospective study of a general population sample of those born in Dunedin, New Zealand, between April 1, 1972, and March 30, 1973 (95.4% retention of cohort after 38 years of prospective follow-up). Residence in a CWF area, use of fluoride dentifrice and intake of 0.5-milligram fluoride tablets were assessed in early life (prior to age 5 years); we assessed IQ repeatedly between ages 7 to 13 years and at age 38 years. Results. No clear differences in IQ because of fluoride exposure were noted. These findings held after adjusting for potential confounding variables, including sex, socioeconomic status, breastfeeding, and birth weight (as well as educational attainment for adult IQ outcomes). Conclusions. These findings do not support the assertion that fluoride in the context of CWF programs is neurotoxic. Associations between very high fluoride exposure and low IQ reported in previous studies may have been affected by confounding, particularly by urban or rural status.
目的。本研究旨在阐明社区水氟化（CWF）与智商（IQ）之间的关系。方法。我们对1972年4月1日至1973年3月30日在新西兰达尼丁出生的普通人群样本进行了一项前瞻性研究（经过38年的前瞻性随访，队列保留率为95.4%）。在生命早期（5岁之前）评估其是否居住在社区水氟化地区、是否使用含氟牙膏以及是否摄入0.5毫克的氟片；我们在7至13岁以及38岁时多次评估智商。结果。未发现因接触氟化物而导致的智商有明显差异。在对潜在的混杂变量进行调整后，这些结果依然成立，这些混杂变量包括性别、社会经济地位、母乳喂养和出生体重（以及针对成人智商结果的教育程度）。结论。这些发现不支持在社区水氟化项目中氟化物具有神经毒性这一论断。先前研究中报道的极高氟暴露与低智商之间的关联可能受到了混杂因素的影响，尤其是城乡地位的影响。
