Klasen Fionna, Reissmann Sina, Voss Catharina, Okello James
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Centre of Hamburg, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany,
Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2015 Apr;46(2):180-93. doi: 10.1007/s10578-014-0470-6.
Child soldiers often experience complex trauma as victims and perpetrators, and feelings of guilt may affect their psychological health. The relationship between the children's traumatic experiences as victims or perpetrators, their perception of themselves as victim or perpetrator, guilt and psychopathology were investigated: of the 330 former child soldiers interviewed, 50.8 % perceived themselves as victims and 19.1 % as perpetrators. On psychopathology measures, scores within the clinical range were 33 % for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 36.4 % for major depressive disorder (MDD), and 26.1 % for externalizing problems. Low socio-economic status, traumatic experience as perpetrator, and guilt were significant predictors of PTSD. Significant predictors of MDD were low socio-economic status, traumatic experiences as victim, and guilt. A greater number of traumatic experiences as perpetrator and guilt were associated with externalizing problems. The current paper underscores the significance of guilt following traumatic experiences and has implications for the development of clinical interventions for war-affected children.
儿童兵作为受害者和施害者常常经历复杂的创伤，而内疚感可能会影响他们的心理健康。对儿童作为受害者或施害者的创伤经历、他们对自身是受害者或施害者的认知、内疚感与精神病理学之间的关系进行了调查：在接受访谈的330名前儿童兵中，50.8%认为自己是受害者，19.1%认为自己是施害者。在精神病理学测量方面，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）临床范围内的得分率为33%，重度抑郁症（MDD）为36.4%，外化问题为26.1%。低社会经济地位、作为施害者的创伤经历以及内疚感是PTSD的显著预测因素。MDD的显著预测因素是低社会经济地位、作为受害者的创伤经历以及内疚感。作为施害者的更多创伤经历和内疚感与外化问题相关。本文强调了创伤经历后的内疚感的重要性，并对战乱影响儿童临床干预措施的制定具有启示意义。
