Shao Qingsong, Huang Yuqiu, Zhou Aicun, Guo Haipeng, Zhang Ailian, Wang Yong
J Sci Food Agric. 2014 May;94(7):1430-6. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6435.
Crocus sativus has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for a long time. The volatile compounds of C. sativus appear biologically active and may act as antioxidants as well as anticonvulsants, antidepressants and antitumour agents. In order to obtain the highest possible yield of essential oils from C. sativus, response surface methodology was employed to optimise the conditions of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction of the volatile compounds from C. sativus. Four factorswere investigated: temperature, pressure, extraction time and carbon dioxide flow rate. Furthermore, the chemical compositions of the volatile compounds extracted by supercritical fluid extraction were compared with those obtained by hydro-distillation and Soxhlet extraction.
The optimum extraction conditions were found to be: optimised temperature 44.9°C, pressure 34.9 MPa, extraction time 150.2 min and CO₂ flow rate 10.1 L h⁻¹. Under these conditions, the mean extraction yield was 10.94 g kg⁻¹. The volatile compounds extracted by supercritical fluid extraction and Soxhlet extraction contained a large amount of unsaturated fatty acids.
Response surface methodology was successfully applied for supercritical fluid CO₂ extraction optimisation of the volatile compounds from C. sativus. The study showed that pressure and CO₂ flow rate had significant effect on volatile compounds yield produced by supercritical fluid extraction. This study is beneficial for the further research operating on a large scale.
藏红花作为一种传统中药已被使用很长时间。藏红花的挥发性化合物具有生物活性，可能具有抗氧化、抗惊厥、抗抑郁和抗肿瘤作用。为了从藏红花中获得尽可能高的精油产量，采用响应面法优化了超临界流体二氧化碳萃取藏红花挥发性化合物的条件。研究了四个因素：温度、压力、萃取时间和二氧化碳流速。此外，还将超临界流体萃取法提取的挥发性化合物的化学成分与水蒸馏法和索氏提取法获得的化学成分进行了比较。
最佳萃取条件为：优化温度44.9℃，压力34.9MPa，萃取时间150.2min，CO₂流速10.1L h⁻¹。在此条件下，平均萃取产率为10.94g kg⁻¹。超临界流体萃取法和索氏提取法提取的挥发性化合物含有大量不饱和脂肪酸。
响应面法成功应用于超临界流体CO₂萃取藏红花挥发性化合物的优化。研究表明，压力和CO₂流速对超临界流体萃取产生的挥发性化合物产率有显著影响。本研究有利于大规模进一步研究。
