Institute of Experimental Industrial Psychology, Leuphana University of Lueneburg, Wilschenbrucher Weg 84a, 21335 Lüneburg, Germany.
Accid Anal Prev. 2014 Sep;70:282-92. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2014.04.010. Epub 2014 May 15.
Maladjusted driving, such as aggressive driving and delayed reactions, is seen as one cause of traffic accidents. Such behavioural patterns could be influenced by strong emotions in the driver. The causes of emotions in traffic are divided into two distinct classes: personal factors and properties of the specific driving situation. In traffic situations, various appraisal factors are responsible for the nature and intensity of experienced emotions. These include whether another driver was accountable, whether goals were blocked and whether progress and safety were affected. In a simulator study, seventy-nine participants took part in four traffic situations which each elicited a different emotion. Each situation had critical elements (e.g. slow car, obstacle on the street) based on combinations of the appraisal factors. Driving parameters such as velocity, acceleration, and speeding, together with the experienced emotions, were recorded. Results indicate that anger leads to stronger acceleration and higher speeds even for 2 km beyond the emotion-eliciting event. Anxiety and contempt yielded similar but weaker effects, yet showed the same negative and dangerous driving pattern as anger. Fright correlated with stronger braking momentum and lower speeds directly after the critical event.
驾驶行为不当，如攻击性驾驶和反应迟缓，被视为交通事故的一个原因。这种行为模式可能受到驾驶员强烈情绪的影响。交通情绪的原因分为两类：个人因素和特定驾驶情况的属性。在交通情况下，各种评价因素负责经历情绪的性质和强度。这些因素包括另一个司机是否有责任、目标是否受阻以及进度和安全是否受到影响。在一项模拟研究中，79 名参与者参与了四个引发不同情绪的交通情况。每个情况都有基于评价因素组合的关键元素（例如，慢车，街道上的障碍物）。记录了驾驶参数，如速度、加速度和超速，以及所经历的情绪。结果表明，愤怒会导致更强的加速度和更高的速度，即使在引发情绪的事件之后 2 公里处也是如此。焦虑和轻蔑产生了类似但较弱的影响，但表现出与愤怒相同的负面和危险的驾驶模式。恐惧与关键事件后直接更强的制动动力和更低的速度相关。
