Department of Translational Neuroscience, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
Epilepsia. 2014 Jun;55(6):819-28. doi: 10.1111/epi.12642. Epub 2014 May 16.
Modern functional neuroimaging provides opportunities to visualize activity of the entire brain, making it an indispensable diagnostic tool for epilepsy. Various forms of noninvasive functional neuroimaging are now also being performed as research tools in animal models of epilepsy and provide opportunities for parallel animal/human investigations into fundamental mechanisms of epilepsy and identification of epilepsy biomarkers. Recent animal studies of epilepsy using positron emission tomography, tractography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging were reviewed. Epilepsy is an abnormal emergent property of disturbances in neuronal networks which, even for epilepsies characterized by focal seizures, involve widely distributed systems, often in both hemispheres. Functional neuroimaging in animal models now provides opportunities to examine neuronal disturbances in the whole brain that underlie generalized and focal seizure generation as well as various types of epileptogenesis. Tremendous advances in understanding the contribution of specific properties of widely distributed neuronal networks to both normal and abnormal human behavior have been provided by current functional neuroimaging methodologies. Successful application of functional neuroimaging of the whole brain in the animal laboratory now permits investigations during epileptogenesis and correlation with deep brain electroencephalography (EEG) activity. With the continuing development of these techniques and analytical methods, the potential for future translational research on epilepsy is enormous. A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
现代功能神经影像学提供了可视化整个大脑活动的机会，使其成为癫痫诊断不可或缺的工具。现在，各种形式的无创性功能神经影像学也作为癫痫动物模型的研究工具进行，为癫痫的基本机制和癫痫生物标志物的识别提供了在动物和人类平行研究的机会。本文回顾了使用正电子发射断层扫描、轨迹追踪和功能磁共振成像进行的最近的癫痫动物研究。癫痫是神经网络紊乱的异常涌现特性，即使对于以局灶性发作为特征的癫痫，也涉及广泛分布的系统，通常涉及两个半球。动物模型中的功能神经影像学现在提供了检查全脑神经元紊乱的机会，这些紊乱是全面性和局灶性发作以及各种类型癫痫发生的基础。当前的功能神经影像学方法为理解广泛分布的神经元网络的特定属性对正常和异常人类行为的贡献提供了巨大的进展。目前，整个大脑功能神经影像学在动物实验室中的成功应用，使得可以在癫痫发生期间进行研究，并与深部脑脑电图（EEG）活动相关联。随着这些技术和分析方法的不断发展，癫痫的未来转化研究潜力巨大。本文的幻灯片摘要可在此处的支持信息部分下载。
