Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (CONICET-UNC), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales, Av. Vélez Sársfield 299 (5000), Córdoba, Argentina.
Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (CONICET-UNMdP), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Funes 3350 (7600), Mar del Plata,Argentina.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Aug 15;490:73-80. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.04.114. Epub 2014 May 21.
RAMSAR sites are determined by specific characteristics of the environment in terms of ecological productivity as well services for human development, but they are also one of the most threatened ecosystems. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamic of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in different biotic and abiotic matrixes of the RAMSAR site (wetlands with international importance), Mar Chiquita Lake. Sampling was performed according to land use (agricultural, urban, and industrial) at two stations: Laguna del Plata and Campo Mare. POPs were analyzed in superficial water (Sw), suspended particulate material (SPM), bottom sediment (Bs) and fish tissues (Odontesthes bonariensis). Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were analyzed by GC-ECD. HCHs, Endosulfans, DDTs, PCBs and PBDEs were found in all matrixes at both stations. The high persistence and transport processes are responsible for the occurrence of HCHs, DDTs and PCBs in Bs, SPM and fish tissues, even many years after their prohibition. PBDEs showed lower levels according to the scarcity of punctual sources in the area. Endosulfan showed variable amounts in agreement with application periods since this pesticide was used until a few years ago in this area. Finally, PCB levels overpassed the acceptable daily intake for human consumption being a risk for human health Thus, the present report confirms the occurrence of POPs in Mar Chiquita lake, alerting on the contribution of agricultural and urban pollutants in a RAMSAR site. Current results also raise concerns on biomagnification processes through the food web.
拉姆萨尔湿地是根据生态生产力以及为人类发展提供的服务等环境特定特征确定的，但它们也是最受威胁的生态系统之一。因此，本工作的目的是评估持久性有机污染物（POPs）在具有国际重要性的拉姆萨尔湿地（马奇奎塔湖）不同生物和非生物基质中的动态。根据土地利用（农业、城市和工业）在两个站点（拉古纳·德尔·普拉塔和坎波·马雷）进行采样。在表层水（Sw）、悬浮颗粒物（SPM）、底泥（Bs）和鱼类组织（Odontesthes bonariensis）中分析了有机氯农药（OCPs）、多氯联苯（PCBs）和多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）。用 GC-ECD 分析了六氯环己烷、硫丹、滴滴涕、多氯联苯和多溴二苯醚。在两个站点的所有基质中都发现了 HCHs、硫丹、滴滴涕、PCBs 和 PBDEs。高持久性和迁移过程是 HCHs、滴滴涕和 PCBs 存在于 Bs、SPM 和鱼类组织中的原因，即使在禁止使用多年后也是如此。根据该地区点状源的稀缺性，PBDEs 的含量较低。与该农药在该地区使用至几年前的使用时期相符，硫丹的含量存在差异。最后，PCB 水平超过了人类可接受的每日摄入量，对人类健康构成了威胁。因此，本报告证实了马奇奎塔湖存在 POPs，并提醒人们注意农业和城市污染物对拉姆萨尔湿地的贡献。目前的结果还引起了人们对通过食物网进行生物放大过程的关注。
