Schumacher Anne, Costa Serban-Dan, Zenclussen Ana Claudia
Department of Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany.
University Women's Clinic, Otto-von-Guericke University , Magdeburg , Germany.
Front Immunol. 2014 May 8;5:196. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00196. eCollection 2014.
How the semi-allogeneic fetus is tolerated by the maternal immune system remains a fascinating phenomenon. Despite extensive research activity in this field, the mechanisms underlying fetal tolerance are still not well understood. However, there are growing evidences that immune-immune interactions as well as immune-endocrine interactions build up a complex network of immune regulation that ensures fetal survival within the maternal uterus. In the present review, we aim to summarize emerging research data from our and other laboratories on immune modulating properties of pregnancy hormones with a special focus on progesterone, estradiol, and human chorionic gonadotropin. These pregnancy hormones are critically involved in the successful establishment, maintenance, and termination of pregnancy. They suppress detrimental maternal alloresponses while promoting tolerance pathways. This includes the reduction of the antigen-presenting capacity of dendritic cells (DCs), monocytes, and macrophages as well as the blockage of natural killer cells, T and B cells. Pregnancy hormones also support the proliferation of pregnancy supporting uterine killer cells, retain tolerogenic DCs, and efficiently induce regulatory T (Treg) cells. Furthermore, they are involved in the recruitment of mast cells and Treg cells into the fetal-maternal interface contributing to a local accumulation of pregnancy-protective cells. These findings highlight the importance of endocrine factors for the tolerance induction during pregnancy and encourage further research in the field.
半同种异体胎儿如何被母体免疫系统所耐受仍然是一个引人入胜的现象。尽管该领域有广泛的研究活动，但胎儿耐受的潜在机制仍未得到很好的理解。然而，越来越多的证据表明，免疫-免疫相互作用以及免疫-内分泌相互作用构建了一个复杂的免疫调节网络，以确保胎儿在母体内子宫内存活。在本综述中，我们旨在总结来自我们实验室和其他实验室的关于妊娠激素免疫调节特性的新研究数据，特别关注孕酮、雌二醇和人绒毛膜促性腺激素。这些妊娠激素在妊娠的成功建立、维持和终止中起着关键作用。它们抑制有害的母体同种异体反应，同时促进耐受途径。这包括降低树突状细胞（DCs）、单核细胞和巨噬细胞的抗原呈递能力，以及阻断自然杀伤细胞、T细胞和B细胞。妊娠激素还支持支持妊娠的子宫杀伤细胞的增殖，保留耐受性DCs，并有效诱导调节性T（Treg）细胞。此外，它们参与肥大细胞和Treg细胞向胎儿-母体界面的募集，有助于妊娠保护细胞的局部积累。这些发现突出了内分泌因素在妊娠期间诱导耐受中的重要性，并鼓励该领域的进一步研究。
