普通人群使用的减肥策略：它们是如何被看待的？
Weight-loss strategies used by the general population: how are they perceived?
作者信息
Julia Chantal, Péneau Sandrine, Andreeva Valentina A, Méjean Caroline, Fezeu Léopold, Galan Pilar, Hercberg Serge
机构信息
Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and biostatistics Center, Cnam, Paris 5 University, Paris 7 University, Bobigny, France; Department of Public Health, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.
Paris 13 University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, Epidemiology and biostatistics Center, Cnam, Paris 5 University, Paris 7 University, Bobigny, France.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2014 May 22;9(5):e97834. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097834. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND
The rising prevalence of obesity and the social pressure for thinness increase the prevalence of dieting. However, little is known about the overall perception of dieting strategies actually used by the general population.
OBJECTIVES
Our main objective was to investigate perceptions of weight-loss practices in an observational study in order to identify the most favourable strategy.
DESIGN
Adults from the ongoing Nutrinet-Santé cohort study who had reported engaging in dieting in the three previous years were included in the study. For each diet, detailed information was collected on types of diets, circumstances and perception of the diet, and outcomes. Perceptions were compared across diets using sex-specific mixed effects models.
RESULT
Among the 48 435 subjects who had completed the respective questionnaire, 12 673 (26.7%, 87.8% of women) had followed at least one weight-loss diet in the previous three years. Diet plans prescribed by health professionals and diets conforming to official dietary recommendations were the most favourably perceived among all assessed weight-loss strategies. Alternatively, commercial diet plans and self-imposed dietary restrictions were more negatively perceived (Odds ratios (OR) for adherence difficulty 1.30 (95% confidence interval (0.99;1.7)) in men and OR 1.92 (1.76;2.10) in women compared to official nutritional guidelines; OR 1.06 (0.82;1.38) in men and OR 1.39 (1.26;1.54) in women respectively) compared to official nutritional guidelines.
CONCLUSION
Official dietary recommendations could be useful tools for maintaining a dietary balance while following a weight-loss diet.
背景
肥胖患病率的上升以及追求瘦的社会压力导致节食现象愈发普遍。然而，对于普通人群实际采用的节食策略的总体认知却知之甚少。
目的
我们的主要目的是在一项观察性研究中调查对减肥做法的认知，以确定最有利的策略。
设计
纳入正在进行的Nutrinet-Santé队列研究中报告在过去三年中进行过节食的成年人。对于每种节食方式，收集了关于节食类型、情况、对节食的认知以及结果的详细信息。使用特定性别的混合效应模型比较不同节食方式的认知情况。
结果
在完成相应问卷的48435名受试者中，有12673人（占26.7%，其中女性占87.8%）在过去三年中至少采用过一种减肥节食方法。在所有评估的减肥策略中，由健康专业人员制定的饮食计划和符合官方饮食建议的节食方式得到的评价最为积极。相比之下，商业饮食计划和自我设定的饮食限制得到的评价更为负面（与官方营养指南相比，男性坚持困难的优势比（OR）为1.30（95%置信区间（0.99；1.7）），女性为1.92（1.76；2.10）；男性分别为1.06（0.82；1.38），女性为1.39（1.26；1.54））。
结论
官方饮食建议可能是在遵循减肥节食的同时保持饮食平衡的有用工具。
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