Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland.
Chair and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Oct 28;13(11):3843. doi: 10.3390/nu13113843.
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an additional special type of adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels. Under physiological conditions, PVAT plays a significant role in regulation of vascular tone, intravascular thermoregulation, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. PVAT is responsible for releasing adipocytes-derived relaxing factors (ADRF) and perivascular-derived relaxing factors (PDRF), which have anticontractile properties. Obesity induces increased oxidative stress, an inflammatory state, and hypoxia, which contribute to PVAT dysfunction. The exact mechanism of vascular dysfunction in obesity is still not well clarified; however, there are some pathways such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) disorders and PVAT-derived factor dysregulation, which are involved in hypertension and endothelial dysfunction development. Physical activity has a beneficial effect on PVAT function among obese patients by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory state. Diet, which is the second most beneficial non-invasive strategy in obesity treatment, may have a positive impact on PVAT-derived factors and may restore the balance in their concentration.
血管周脂肪组织 (PVAT) 是一种环绕血管的特殊类型的脂肪组织。在生理条件下，PVAT 在调节血管张力、血管内体温调节和血管平滑肌细胞 (VSMC) 增殖方面发挥着重要作用。PVAT 负责释放脂肪细胞衍生的舒张因子 (ADRF) 和血管周衍生的舒张因子 (PDRF)，它们具有抗收缩特性。肥胖会引起氧化应激增加、炎症状态和缺氧，从而导致 PVAT 功能障碍。肥胖症中血管功能障碍的确切机制尚不清楚；然而，有一些途径，如肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统 (RAAS) 紊乱和 PVAT 衍生因子失调，参与了高血压和内皮功能障碍的发展。在肥胖患者中，体育活动通过降低氧化应激和炎症状态对 PVAT 功能具有有益的影响。饮食是肥胖症治疗中第二大有益的非侵入性策略，它可能对 PVAT 衍生因子产生积极影响，并可能恢复其浓度平衡。
