Stramer Brian M, Dionne Marc S
King's College London, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
King's College London, Centre for the Molecular and Cellular Biology of Inflammation, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom.
Semin Immunol. 2014 Aug;26(4):310-4. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2014.04.004. Epub 2014 May 22.
Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a powerful model to understand innate immune responses to infection (note the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine), and in recent years this system has begun to inform on the role and regulation of immune responses during tissue injury. Due to the speed and complexity of inflammation signals upon damage, a complete understanding of the immune responses during repair requires a combination of live imaging at high temporal resolution and genetic dissection, which is possible in a number of different injury models in the fly. Here we discuss the range of wound-induced immune responses that can be modeled in flies. These wound models have revealed the most immediate signals leading to immune cell activation, and highlighted a number of complex signaling cascades required for subsequent injury-associated inflammatory responses. What has emerged from this system are a host of both local acting signals, and surprisingly, more systemic tissue repair immune responses.
黑腹果蝇已成为理解感染的先天免疫反应的强大模型（注意2011年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖），近年来，该系统已开始揭示组织损伤期间免疫反应的作用和调节机制。由于损伤时炎症信号的速度和复杂性，要全面了解修复过程中的免疫反应，需要结合高时间分辨率的实时成像和基因剖析，这在果蝇的多种不同损伤模型中是可行的。在这里，我们讨论了可在果蝇中模拟的一系列伤口诱导的免疫反应。这些伤口模型揭示了导致免疫细胞激活的最直接信号，并突出了后续损伤相关炎症反应所需的许多复杂信号级联。从这个系统中出现的是一系列局部作用信号，令人惊讶的是，还有更多的系统性组织修复免疫反应。
