Padilla Ramos Alan, Varon Joseph
Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Mexicali Campus, Mexicali, Mexico.
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014 Jul;16(7):450. doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0450-z.
Hypertension is an increasingly prevalent chronic illness. The condition may present as a hypertensive crisis, and this entity may be further categorized as either hypertensive emergency or urgency. As the presentation is quite variable and is dependent upon the specific end-organ injury, a thorough history and examination are necessary. Once the underlying pathology is known, a target blood pressure can be determined and a specific therapeutic agent selected. The choice of most appropriate agent must take into consideration coexisting morbidities, desired rate of blood pressure decline, monitoring capabilities of the environment, and experience of the clinician. In hypertensive emergencies, the therapeutic goal is to protect remaining end-organ function, reduce the risk of complications, and thereby improve patient outcomes. This article reviews commonly used antihypertensive medications as well as evidence-based recommendations for state-of-the-art treatment for hypertensive emergencies.
高血压是一种日益普遍的慢性疾病。该病症可能表现为高血压危象，而这一实体可进一步分为高血压急症或亚急症。由于临床表现差异很大且取决于特定的靶器官损伤，因此全面的病史和检查是必要的。一旦明确潜在病理情况，就可以确定目标血压并选择特定的治疗药物。选择最合适的药物必须考虑并存的疾病、期望的血压下降速率、环境的监测能力以及临床医生的经验。在高血压急症中，治疗目标是保护剩余的靶器官功能，降低并发症风险，从而改善患者预后。本文综述了常用的抗高血压药物以及针对高血压急症的最新治疗的循证推荐。
