ESH Excellent Center of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, "Laiko" General Hospital, Athens, Greece,
Curr Hypertens Rep. 2015 Feb;17(2):5. doi: 10.1007/s11906-014-0515-z.
Inevitably, a small proportion of patients with systematic hypertension will develop hypertensive crisis at some point. Hypertensive crises can be divided into hypertensive emergency or hypertensive urgency according to the presence or lack of acute target organ damage. In this review, we discuss cardiovascular hypertensive emergencies, including acute coronary syndrome, aortic dissection, congestive heart failure, and sympathomimetic hypertensive crises, including those caused by cocaine use. Each presents in a unique fashion, although some hypertensive emergency patients report nonspecific symptoms. Treatment includes several effective and rapid-acting medications to safely reduce the blood pressure, protect remaining end-organ function, relieve symptoms, minimize the risk of complications, and thereby improve patient outcomes.
不可避免的是，一小部分患有系统性高血压的患者在某些时候会发展为高血压危象。根据是否存在急性靶器官损伤，高血压危象可分为高血压急症或高血压亚急症。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了心血管高血压急症，包括急性冠状动脉综合征、主动脉夹层、充血性心力衰竭和拟交感神经高血压危象，包括可卡因引起的高血压危象。每种疾病都有其独特的表现，尽管一些高血压急症患者报告有非特异性症状。治疗包括几种有效和快速作用的药物，以安全降低血压，保护剩余的靶器官功能，缓解症状，最大限度地减少并发症风险，从而改善患者的预后。
