Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7608.
University of Antioquia, AA1226 Grupo Grica, Facultad de Agriculture, Medellin, Colombia.
Poult Sci. 2014 Jul;93(7):1599-607. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03277. Epub 2014 May 26.
A study was conducted to examine how 2 feeder space allocations during the rearing period followed by 2 feeder space allocations after photostimulation and 2 female feeding to peak programs (fast or slow) affected female broiler breeder reproductive performance and mortality. Sixteen pens of 76 breeder females each were equipped with either 4 tube feeders with a 132 cm circumference pan (7.0 cm/female) or 6 feeders (10.4 cm/female) to 21 wk of age. Thereafter, 64 females were moved to breeding pens, photostimulated, and fed sex-separate from either 3 (6.2 cm/female) or 5 (10.3 cm/female) feeders with either fast or slow feeding to peak feeding programs applied to complete a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Seven males that were separately reared in a similar manner were added per pen. Individual female BW was determined at 6, 20, and 32 wk of age and BW uniformity assessed. Greater feeder space during rearing increased BW at 32 wk of age, whereas greater feeder space during lay or slow feeding to peak decreased BW at 32 wk. There were no differences in BW uniformity. Hens from the 10.4 to 10.3 cm/female combination produced a significantly greater number of eggs as compared with the 7.0 to 10.3 cm/female and 10.4 to 6.2 cm/female combinations with the 7.0 to 6.2 cm/female combination intermediate. Percentage hen-day egg production of the 10.4 to 10.3 cm/female combination hens was significantly greater than all other combinations. Livability was improved in the 10.4 to 10.3 cm/female combination relative to the 7.0 to 10.3 cm/female combination with the others intermediate. The fast feeding to peak program increased yolk weight as well as yolk:albumen ratio at 28 and 30 wk of age, but egg weight did not differ. These data indicated that increased or decreased feeder space between the growing and laying periods did not affect broiler breeder female BW, uniformity, egg weight, fertility, or hatchability. The 10.3 cm/female laying feeder space exhibited the best hen-day egg production in combination with 10.4 cm/pullet rearing but not with 7.0 cm/pullet rearing space. In a similar manner, hen mortality was greater in the 7.0 to 10.3 cm/female feeder space combination that the 10.4 to 10.3 cm/female combination.
一项研究旨在探讨育雏期的两种给料器空间分配方式，随后在光刺激后和两种女性给料方式（快速或慢速）达到高峰期间分配两种给料器空间，这对肉种鸡母代的繁殖性能和死亡率有何影响。16 个鸡舍，每个鸡舍饲养 76 只母鸡，分别配备 4 个周径为 132 厘米的管饲器（每个 7.0 厘米/只）或 6 个饲槽（每个 10.4 厘米/只），直到 21 周龄。此后，将 64 只母鸡转移到繁殖鸡舍，进行光刺激，并进行性别隔离，每个鸡舍使用 3 个（每个 6.2 厘米/只）或 5 个（每个 10.3 厘米/只）饲槽进行给料，采用快速或慢速给料方式达到高峰给料程序，完成一个 2×2×2 析因设计。每个鸡舍单独饲养 7 只雄性鸡。分别在类似的方式下饲养 7 只雄性鸡。在 6、20 和 32 周龄时测定个体母鸡的体重，并评估体重均匀度。育雏期的给料器空间较大可增加 32 周龄的体重，而产蛋期或慢速给料达到高峰的给料器空间较大则降低 32 周龄的体重。体重均匀度没有差异。与 7.0 至 10.3cm/母代组合和 10.4 至 6.2cm/母代组合相比，10.4 至 10.3cm/母代组合的母鸡产蛋数显著增加，而 7.0 至 6.2cm/母代组合则介于两者之间。10.4 至 10.3cm/母代组合母鸡的产蛋率显著高于其他所有组合。与 7.0 至 10.3cm/母代组合相比，10.4 至 10.3cm/母代组合的母鸡的成活率提高，而其他组合则介于两者之间。快速给料达到高峰可增加 28 和 30 周龄的蛋黄重量以及蛋黄：蛋白比，但蛋重没有差异。这些数据表明，在生长和产蛋期之间增加或减少给料器空间不会影响肉种鸡母代的体重、均匀度、蛋重、受精率或孵化率。10.3cm/母代产蛋给料器空间与 10.4cm/育雏母代结合使用时表现出最佳的母鸡日产蛋率，但与 7.0cm/育雏母代空间结合使用时则不然。同样，7.0 至 10.3cm/母代给料器空间组合的母鸡死亡率高于 10.4 至 10.3cm/母代给料器空间组合。
