Cui Liang-Wei, Sun Qing-Lei, Li Bao-Guo
Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650223, China.
Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
Dongwuxue Yanjiu. 2014 May;35(3):204-13. doi: 10.11813/j.issn.0254-5853.2014.3.204.
Different types of dominance hierarchies reflect different social relationships in primates. In this study, we clarified the hierarchy and social relationships in a one-male unit of captive Rhinopithecus bieti observed between August 1998 and March 1999. Mean frequency of agonistic behaviour among adult females was 0.13 interactions per hour. Adult females exhibited a linear hierarchy with a reversal of 10.9%, indicating an unstable relationship; therefore, R. bieti appears to be a relaxed/tolerant species. The lack of a relationship between the agonistic ratio of the adult male towards adult females and their ranks indicated that males did not show increased aggression towards low-ranking females. Differentiated female affiliative relationships were loosely formed in terms of the male, and to some extent influenced by female estrus, implying that relationships between the male and females is influenced by estrus and not rank alone. A positive correlation between the agonistic ratio of adult females and their ranks showed that the degree to which one female negatively impacted others decreased with reduction in rank. Similarly, a positive correlation between the agonistic ratio of females and differences in rank suggests that a female had fewer negative effects on closely ranked individuals than distantly ranked ones. These data indicate that rank may influence relationships between females. A steeper slope of regression between the agonistic ratio and inter-female rank differences indicated that the extent of the power difference in high-ranking females exerting negative effects on low-ranking ones was larger during the mating season than the birth season, suggesting that rank may influence the mating success of females.
不同类型的优势等级制度反映了灵长类动物不同的社会关系。在本研究中，我们阐明了1998年8月至1999年3月期间观察到的圈养滇金丝猴单雄单元中的等级制度和社会关系。成年雌性之间攻击行为的平均频率为每小时0.13次互动。成年雌性呈现出线性等级制度，等级反转率为10.9%，表明关系不稳定；因此，滇金丝猴似乎是一种宽松/宽容的物种。成年雄性对成年雌性的攻击比例与其等级之间缺乏相关性，这表明雄性对低等级雌性并未表现出更多的攻击性。雌性之间的亲和关系在与雄性的关联方面松散形成，并且在一定程度上受雌性发情期的影响，这意味着雄性与雌性之间的关系受发情期影响，而非仅受等级影响。成年雌性的攻击比例与其等级之间呈正相关，这表明一只雌性对其他雌性产生负面影响的程度随着等级降低而减小。同样，雌性的攻击比例与等级差异之间呈正相关，这表明雌性对等级相近个体的负面影响要少于对等级差异较大个体的影响。这些数据表明等级可能会影响雌性之间的关系。攻击比例与雌性间等级差异之间的回归斜率更陡，这表明在交配季节，高等级雌性对低等级雌性施加负面影响的权力差异程度要大于产仔季节，这表明等级可能会影响雌性的交配成功率。
