Chowdhury Shakhawat, Al-Zahrani Muhammad
Water Research Group Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Oct;186(10):6127-43. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-3844-0. Epub 2014 May 29.
Change of water quality in dam reservoir and aquifer complicates safe drinking water supply. Few parameters are monitored to control water quality in these sources. Adequate knowledge on the correlation structure, interaction effect, trends and seasonal variability of these parameters is essential to control water quality. This study applied time series and multivariate analyses on 15 water quality parameters, collected from the King Fahd dam reservoir (L1) and aquifer (L2) in Saudi Arabia during April 2010 to February 2012. Moderate to strong correlations were observed between sulfate, hardness, fluoride, chloride, magnesium, conductivity, turbidity and total dissolved solids (TDS), while separate clusters were visible for TDS-chloride-magnesium-conductivity; fluoride-turbidity; chloride-hardness; ammonia-nitrate; and calcium-magnesium-hardness. Four major principal components explained 81.1% and 83.2% of the overall variances in L1 and L2, respectively. The factor analysis showed that 53% and 67% of the data were necessary to explain 81.3% and 83.2% of total variances for L1 and L2, respectively, indicating the possibility of data reduction. Possible degradation of water quality in these sources was highlighted, while such degradation may require enhanced treatment for producing drinking water in future.
大坝水库和含水层水质的变化使安全饮用水供应变得复杂。对这些水源的水质进行监测的参数很少。充分了解这些参数的相关结构、相互作用效应、趋势和季节变化对于控制水质至关重要。本研究对2010年4月至2012年2月期间从沙特阿拉伯法赫德国王大坝水库（L1）和含水层（L2）采集的15个水质参数进行了时间序列和多变量分析。观察到硫酸盐、硬度、氟化物、氯化物、镁、电导率、浊度和总溶解固体（TDS）之间存在中度至强相关性，而TDS-氯化物-镁-电导率、氟化物-浊度、氯化物-硬度、氨-硝酸盐以及钙-镁-硬度则形成了单独的聚类。四个主要主成分分别解释了L1和L2中总体方差的81.1%和83.2%。因子分析表明，分别需要53%和67%的数据来解释L1和L2总方差的81.3%和83.2%，这表明存在数据简化的可能性。突出了这些水源可能的水质恶化情况，而未来可能需要加强处理以生产饮用水。
