儿童眼内压及相关因素：山东儿童眼研究。
Intraocular pressure and associated factors in children: the Shandong children eye study.
机构信息
Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Department of Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China.
出版信息
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014 May 29;55(7):4128-34. doi: 10.1167/iovs.14-14244.
PURPOSE
We examined the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its associated factors in children.
METHODS
Using a random cluster sampling from kindergartens, primary schools, and junior and senior high schools from rural Guanxian County and the city of Weihai, the school-based cross-sectional Shandong Children Eye Study included children aged 4 to 18 years. All participants underwent an ocular examination, including ocular biometry, cycloplegic refractometry, and noncontact tonometry.
RESULTS
Mean IOP was 17.6 ± 2.7 mm Hg (range, 10-28 mm Hg). The IOP increased up to an age of 10 years and subsequently decreased with older age. In multivariate regression analysis, higher IOP was associated with female sex (P < 0.001; standardized correlation coefficient β, 0.06; regression coefficient β, 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18, 0.50), higher body mass index (P < 0.001; correlation coefficient β, 0.09; regression coefficient β, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.04,0.09), younger age (P < 0.001; correlation coefficient β, -0.15; regression coefficient β, -0.13; 95% CI, -0.17,-0.10), maternal myopia (P < 0.001; correlation coefficient β, 0.05; regression coefficient β, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15,0.53), and more time spent indoors with reading/writing (P = 0.002; correlation coefficient β, 0.05; regression coefficient β, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.03,0.11), and with the ocular parameters of longer axial length (P < 0.001; correlation coefficient β, 0.14; regression coefficient β, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.21,0.37) and smaller corneal horizontal diameter (P < 0.001; correlation coefficient β, -0.06; regression coefficient β, -0.31; 95% CI, -0.46,-0.15).
CONCLUSIONS
In children aged 4 to 18 years, IOP showed an M-shaped association with age. Higher IOP was associated with the nonocular parameters of female sex (P < 0.001), higher body mass index (P < 0.001), younger age (P < 0.001), maternal myopia (P < 0.001), and more time spent indoors with reading/writing (P = 0.002), and with the ocular parameters of longer axial length (P < 0.001) and smaller corneal horizontal diameter (P < 0.001).
目的
我们研究了儿童眼内压（IOP）的分布及其相关因素。
方法
本研究采用多阶段整群抽样方法，从山东省冠县农村地区和威海市的幼儿园、小学、初中和高中抽取了 4 至 18 岁的儿童进行了基于学校的横断面山东儿童眼研究。所有参与者均接受了眼部检查，包括眼生物测量、睫状肌麻痹屈光检查和非接触眼压测量。
结果
平均 IOP 为 17.6±2.7mmHg（范围 10-28mmHg）。IOP 一直升高到 10 岁，然后随着年龄的增长而降低。多变量回归分析显示，较高的 IOP 与女性（P<0.001；标准化相关系数β，0.06；回归系数β，0.34；95%置信区间[CI]，0.18，0.50）、较高的体重指数（P<0.001；相关系数β，0.09；回归系数β，0.07；95%CI，0.04，0.09）、较小的年龄（P<0.001；相关系数β，-0.15；回归系数β，-0.13；95%CI，-0.17，-0.10）、母亲近视（P<0.001；相关系数β，0.05；回归系数β，0.34；95%CI，0.15，0.53）、更多的室内阅读/写作时间（P=0.002；相关系数β，0.05；回归系数β，0.07；95%CI，0.03，0.11）、较长的眼轴（P<0.001；相关系数β，0.14；回归系数β，0.29；95%CI，0.21，0.37）和较小的角膜水平直径（P<0.001；相关系数β，-0.06；回归系数β，-0.31；95%CI，-0.46，-0.15）有关。
结论
在 4 至 18 岁的儿童中，IOP 与年龄呈 M 形关联。较高的 IOP 与女性（P<0.001）、较高的体重指数（P<0.001）、较小的年龄（P<0.001）、母亲近视（P<0.001）、更多的室内阅读/写作时间（P=0.002）、较长的眼轴（P<0.001）和较小的角膜水平直径（P<0.001）等非眼参数有关。
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