Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 252, Santiago, Chile,
Parasitol Res. 2014 Aug;113(8):3001-6. doi: 10.1007/s00436-014-3962-1. Epub 2014 May 31.
Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) and Calodium splenaecum (syn. Capillaria splenaecum) are nematodes that infect the liver and spleen, respectively, of mammals. While the host range, distribution, pathology and zoonotic potential of C. hepaticum are well known, very little is known about C. splenaecum. The observed prevalence of these two parasites, the factors associated with prevalence, and the lesions resulting in the different host species were studied in 408 micromammals captured in two periurban areas of Barcelona (NE Spain) from 2011 to 2013. C. hepaticum was found in 4% of 322 wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) (with local prevalence up to 16%) and 1 of 2 Norwegian rats (Rattus norvegicus). C. splenaecum was found in 10 % of 38 greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) (local prevalence up to 30%). Neither parasite was detected in 29 Algerian mice (Mus spretus) and 17 black rats (Rattus rattus). Prevalence of C. hepaticum was significantly higher in wood mice captured in natural areas (6.4%) than those from residential areas (0%), and infected mice were in better body condition. No differences in prevalence were found among age and sex groups, years and seasons. Lesions of hepatic capillariasis in wood mice consisted mainly of mild to moderate multifocal granulomas around degenerating adult parasites and/or eggs, while lesions seen in a rat consisted of multifocal granulomatous hepatitis and bridging fibrosis extending from the necrotic areas caused by the parasites. Splenic lesions found in shrews due to C. splenaecum, representing the first histological description of this parasite, were single nodules that corresponded to finely encapsulated clusters of eggs with adult parasites.
肝毛细线虫（同 Capillaria hepatica）和脾毛细线虫（同 Capillaria splenaecum）是分别感染哺乳动物肝脏和脾脏的线虫。虽然肝毛细线虫的宿主范围、分布、病理学和人畜共患潜力众所周知，但对脾毛细线虫知之甚少。在 2011 年至 2013 年期间，从西班牙东北部巴塞罗那的两个城郊地区捕获的 408 只小型哺乳动物中，研究了这两种寄生虫的观察流行率、与流行率相关的因素以及导致不同宿主物种发病的病变。在 322 只林姬鼠（Apodemus sylvaticus）（局部流行率高达 16%）中发现了肝毛细线虫，在 2 只挪威鼠（Rattus norvegicus）中发现了 1 只。在 38 只白足鼠（Crocidura russula）（局部流行率高达 30%）中发现了脾毛细线虫。在 29 只阿尔及利亚鼠（Mus spretus）和 17 只黑鼠（Rattus rattus）中均未检测到这两种寄生虫。在自然区捕获的林姬鼠中，肝毛细线虫的流行率明显高于居民区（0%），感染的老鼠身体状况更好。不同年龄和性别组、年份和季节之间的流行率没有差异。林姬鼠的肝毛细线虫病病变主要由退化的成虫和/或虫卵周围轻度至中度多发性肉芽肿组成，而在一只大鼠中发现的病变为多发性肉芽肿性肝炎和从寄生虫引起的坏死区延伸的桥接纤维化。在白足鼠中因感染脾毛细线虫而发现的脾脏病变是首次对该寄生虫的组织学描述，表现为单个结节，对应于被成年寄生虫包裹的精细封装的卵簇。
