Bureau Chemical Safety, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Environ Int. 2014 Sep;70:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.020. Epub 2014 May 27.
Human milk samples were collected from individuals residing in various regions across Canada mostly in the years 1992 to 2005. These included five large cities in southern Canada as well as samples from Nunavik in northern Quebec. Comparative samples were also collected from residents of Austin, Texas, USA in 2002 and 2004. More than 300 milk samples were analysed for the brominated flame retardants (BFRs), PBDEs and HBCD, by extraction, purification and quantification using either isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or liquid chromatography-MS. The Canadian total PBDE values in the years 2002-2005 show median levels of about 20μg/kg on a lipid basis; a value significantly higher than in the 1980s and 1990s. Milk samples from Inuit donors in the northern region of Nunavik were slightly lower in PBDE concentrations than those from populated regions in the south of Quebec. Milk samples from Ontario contained slightly lower amounts of PBDEs in two time periods than those from Texas. HBCD levels in most milk samples were usually less than 1ppb milk lipid and dominated by the α-isomer. This large data set of BFRs in Canadian human milk demonstrates an increase in the last few decades in human exposure to BFRs which now appears to have stabilized.
采集了来自加拿大各地的个人的母乳样本，主要采集时间为 1992 年至 2005 年。这些样本来自加拿大南部的五个大城市，以及魁北克北部的努纳武特地区。2002 年和 2004 年还从美国德克萨斯州奥斯汀市的居民中采集了比较样本。对 300 多个母乳样本进行了溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）、多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）和六溴环十二烷（HBCD）的分析，采用同位素稀释气相色谱-质谱法（GC-MS）或液相色谱-质谱法进行提取、净化和定量。2002-2005 年加拿大的总 PBDE 值以脂质为基础，中位数水平约为 20μg/kg，明显高于 80 年代和 90 年代。努纳武特北部地区因纽特捐赠者的母乳样本中 PBDE 浓度略低于魁北克南部人口稠密地区的浓度。安大略省的母乳样本在两个时期的 PBDE 含量略低于德克萨斯州的样本。大多数母乳样本中的 HBCD 水平通常低于 1ppb 乳脂，以α-异构体为主。本研究中的大量加拿大母乳中 BFR 数据表明，过去几十年人类接触 BFR 的情况有所增加，目前似乎已经稳定下来。
