Kang Cheng, Wang Zhenhong, Surina Alyssa, Lü Wei
Key Lab for Behavior & Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China.
Key Lab for Behavior & Cognitive Neuroscience of Shaanxi Province, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, China.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2014 Jul;150:153-60. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.05.008. Epub 2014 May 29.
The phenomenon that emotional stimuli are better remembered than neutral ones is called emotion-enhanced memory (EEM). Previous studies have shown that both valence and arousal of stimuli contributed to EEM. Kensinger and Corkin (2004) proposed that the EEM dependent on arousal was associated with automatic encoding processes, whereas the EEM dependent on valence was associated with controlled encoding processes. Their experiment with negative words provided some evidence for this associative pattern. However, it is unclear whether the observed association that occurred with negative emotional stimuli could be replicated with positive emotional stimuli. To further examine this issue, two experiments were conducted to investigate the immediate EEM of emotional words in three different attention conditions using a divided attention (DA) paradigm. Results indicated that the immediate EEM dependent on valence was associated with controlled processing, while the immediate EEM dependent on arousal was not always associated with automatic processing. The immediate EEM dependent on arousal for negative stimuli was associated with automatic processing, whereas the immediate EEM dependent on arousal for positive stimuli was associated with controlled processing. Therefore, the immediate EEM dependent on arousal, whether it is associated with automatic or controlled processing, is moderated by the valence of stimuli.
情绪刺激比中性刺激更容易被记住的现象被称为情绪增强记忆（EEM）。先前的研究表明，刺激的效价和唤醒都对EEM有影响。肯辛格和科金（2004）提出，依赖于唤醒的EEM与自动编码过程有关，而依赖于效价的EEM与控制编码过程有关。他们对消极词汇的实验为这种关联模式提供了一些证据。然而，尚不清楚在消极情绪刺激中观察到的这种关联是否能在积极情绪刺激中得到复制。为了进一步研究这个问题，使用分心范式进行了两个实验，以调查在三种不同注意力条件下情绪词汇的即时EEM。结果表明，依赖于效价的即时EEM与控制性加工有关，而依赖于唤醒的即时EEM并不总是与自动加工有关。消极刺激依赖于唤醒的即时EEM与自动加工有关，而积极刺激依赖于唤醒的即时EEM与控制性加工有关。因此，依赖于唤醒的即时EEM，无论它与自动加工还是控制性加工有关，都会受到刺激效价的调节。
