Ljungberg Jessica K, Parmentier Fabrice B R, Jones Dylan M, Marsja Erik, Neely Gregory
Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; School of Psychology, Cardiff University, UK.
Department of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain; School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Australia.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2014 Jul;150:161-6. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.05.009. Epub 2014 May 31.
Research of the distractor value of hearing the own name has shown that this self-referring stimulus captures attention in an involuntary fashion and create distraction. The behavioral studies are few and the outcomes are not always clear cut. In this study the distraction by own name compared to a control name was investigated by using a cross-modal oddball task in two experiments. In the first experiment, thirty-nine participants were conducting a computerized categorization task while exposed to, to-be ignored own and matched control names (controlling for familiarity, gender and number of syllables) as unexpected auditory deviant stimulus (12.5% trials for each name category) and a sine wave tone as a standard stimulus (75% of the trials). In the second experiment, another group of thirty-nine participants completed the same task but with the additional deviant stimulus of an irrelevant word added (10% trials for each deviant type and 70% trials with the standard stimulus). Results showed deviant distraction by exposure to both the irrelevant word, own and the control name compared to the standard tone but no differences were found showing that the own name captured attention and distracted the participants more than an irrelevant word or a control name. The results elucidate the role of the own name as a potent auditory distractor and possible limitations with its theoretical significance for general theories of attention are discussed.
关于听到自己名字的干扰值的研究表明，这种自我指涉性刺激会以一种非自愿的方式吸引注意力并造成干扰。行为学研究较少，且结果并不总是清晰明确。在本研究中，通过在两个实验中使用跨模态奇偶数任务，对自己名字与对照名字相比产生的干扰进行了调查。在第一个实验中，39名参与者在进行计算机化分类任务时，会接触到作为意外听觉偏差刺激的、待忽略的自己的名字和匹配的对照名字（控制熟悉度、性别和音节数）（每个名字类别占12.5%的试验次数），以及作为标准刺激的正弦波音调（占75%的试验次数）。在第二个实验中，另一组39名参与者完成相同任务，但增加了一个无关单词的偏差刺激（每种偏差类型占10%的试验次数，标准刺激占70%的试验次数）。结果显示，与标准音调相比，接触无关单词、自己的名字和对照名字都会产生偏差干扰，但未发现差异，表明自己的名字比无关单词或对照名字更能吸引注意力并分散参与者的注意力。研究结果阐明了自己名字作为一种强大听觉干扰因素的作用，并讨论了其在注意力一般理论方面理论意义的可能局限性。
