Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, 130 Mulford Hall, Berkeley, CA, 95720, USA.
Glob Chang Biol. 2014 Dec;20(12):3600-9. doi: 10.1111/gcb.12649. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
The application of the eddy covariance flux method to measure fluxes of trace gas and energy between ecosystems and the atmosphere has exploded over the past 25 years. This opinion paper provides a perspective on the contributions and future opportunities of the eddy covariance method. First, the paper discusses the pros and cons of this method relative to other methods used to measure the exchange of trace gases between ecosystems and the atmosphere. Second, it discusses how the use of eddy covariance method has grown and evolved. Today, more than 400 flux measurement sites are operating world-wide and the duration of the time series exceed a decade at dozens of sites. Networks of tower sites now enable scientists to ask scientific questions related to climatic and ecological gradients, disturbance, changes in land use, and management. The paper ends with discussions on where the field of flux measurement is heading. Topics discussed include role of open access data sharing and data mining, in this new era of big data, and opportunities new sensors that measure a variety of trace gases, like volatile organic carbon compounds, methane and nitrous oxide, and aerosols, may yield.
涡度相关通量方法在过去 25 年中得到了广泛应用，用于测量生态系统与大气之间痕量气体和能量的通量。本文就涡度相关方法的贡献和未来机遇提供了一个观点。首先，本文讨论了该方法相对于其他用于测量生态系统与大气之间痕量气体交换的方法的优缺点。其次，讨论了该方法的使用如何发展和演变。如今，全球有超过 400 个通量测量站点在运行，数十个站点的时间序列超过了十年。塔台网络使科学家能够提出与气候和生态梯度、干扰、土地利用变化和管理相关的科学问题。本文最后讨论了通量测量领域的发展方向。讨论的主题包括在这个大数据时代开放获取数据共享和数据挖掘的作用，以及可能产生的测量各种痕量气体（如挥发性有机碳化合物、甲烷和一氧化二氮以及气溶胶）的新型传感器的机遇。
