Cservenka Anita, Fair Damien A, Nagel Bonnie J
Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2014 Jul;38(7):1912-23. doi: 10.1111/acer.12435. Epub 2014 May 29.
Even in the absence of heavy alcohol use, youth with familial alcoholism (family history positive [FHP]) exhibit atypical brain functioning and behavior. Although emotional and cognitive systems are affected in alcohol use disorders (AUDs), little attention has focused on whether brain and behavior phenotypes related to the interplay between affective and executive functioning may be a premorbid risk factor for the development of AUDs in FHP youth.
Twenty-four FHP and 22 family history negative (FHN) 12- to 16-year-old adolescents completed study procedures. After exclusion of participants with clinically significant depressive symptoms and those who did not meet performance criteria during an Emotional Go-NoGo task, 19 FHP and 17 FHN youth were included in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses. Resting state functional connectivity MRI, using amygdalar seed regions, was analyzed in 16 FHP and 18 FHN youth, after exclusion of participants with excessive head movement.
fMRI showed that brain activity in FHP youth, compared with FHN peers, was reduced during emotional processing in the superior temporal cortex, as well as during cognitive control within emotional contexts in frontal and striatal regions. Group differences in resting state amygdalar connectivity were seen bilaterally between FHP and FHN youth. In FHP youth, reduced resting state synchrony between the left amygdala and left superior frontal gyrus was related to poorer response inhibition, as measured during the fMRI task.
To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine emotion-cognition interactions and resting state functional connectivity in FHP youth. Findings from this research provide insight into neural and behavioral phenotypes associated with emotional processing in familial alcoholism, which may relate to increased risk of developing AUDs.
即使在没有大量饮酒的情况下，有家族性酒精中毒（家族史阳性[FHP]）的青少年也表现出非典型的脑功能和行为。尽管情感和认知系统在酒精使用障碍（AUDs）中会受到影响，但很少有研究关注与情感和执行功能之间相互作用相关的脑和行为表型是否可能是FHP青少年发生AUDs的病前危险因素。
24名FHP和22名家族史阴性（FHN）的12至16岁青少年完成了研究程序。在排除有临床显著抑郁症状的参与者以及那些在情绪Go-NoGo任务中未达到表现标准的参与者后，19名FHP和17名FHN青少年被纳入功能磁共振成像（fMRI）分析。在排除头部运动过多的参与者后，对16名FHP和18名FHN青少年进行了以杏仁核为种子区域的静息态功能连接MRI分析。
fMRI显示，与FHN同龄人相比，FHP青少年在颞上叶皮质进行情绪处理时以及在额叶和纹状体区域的情绪背景下进行认知控制时，脑活动减少。FHP和FHN青少年在双侧静息态杏仁核连接性上存在组间差异。在FHP青少年中，如在fMRI任务中所测量的，左杏仁核与左上额叶回之间静息态同步性降低与较差的反应抑制有关。
据我们所知，这是第一项研究FHP青少年情绪-认知相互作用和静息态功能连接的研究。这项研究的结果为家族性酒精中毒中与情绪处理相关的神经和行为表型提供了见解，这可能与发生AUDs的风险增加有关。
