Trucco Elisa M, Hartmann Sarah A
Psychology Department and the Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL.
Psychiatry Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI.
Child Dev Perspect. 2021 Dec;15(4):257-264. doi: 10.1111/cdep.12426. Epub 2021 Aug 24.
There are notable risks associated with alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use during adolescence. Yet, there is no single cause for adolescent substance use. The etiology of substance use is known to develop over time, across multiple levels of influence. Informed by developmental perspectives, this review aims to provide an overview of biological (e.g., genetic, neuroimaging), individual (e.g., temperament, behavior problems), and social (e.g., parents, peers) factors that increase risk for and protection against this multifaceted phenomenon. Additionally, emerging areas of research are highlighted, as well as preliminary work examining the etiology of adolescent substance use across multiple levels of influence. Understanding early factors associated with the emergence of adolescent substance use can help inform prevention programming to reduce subsequent cognitive impairments and psychopathology. Adaptive individualized interventions addressing various domains linked to adolescent substance use in real-time are likely to have significant utility given the numerous pathways to adolescent substance use.
青春期饮酒、吸烟和使用大麻存在显著风险。然而，青少年使用毒品没有单一原因。已知毒品使用的病因会随着时间推移在多个影响层面上发展。基于发展视角，本综述旨在概述增加这一多方面现象风险和提供预防作用的生物学因素（如基因、神经影像学）、个体因素（如气质、行为问题）和社会因素（如父母、同龄人）。此外，还强调了新兴研究领域，以及在多个影响层面上研究青少年毒品使用病因的初步工作。了解与青少年毒品使用出现相关的早期因素有助于为预防方案提供信息，以减少随后的认知障碍和精神病理学问题。鉴于青少年使用毒品有众多途径，实时针对与青少年毒品使用相关的各个领域进行适应性个体化干预可能具有重大效用。
