Yuvaraj R, Murugappan M, Ibrahim Norlinah Mohamed, Sundaraj Kenneth, Omar Mohd Iqbal, Mohamad Khairiyah, Palaniappan R, Satiyan M
School of Mechatronic Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Campus Ulu Pauh, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia,
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2015 Feb;122(2):237-52. doi: 10.1007/s00702-014-1249-4. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is not only characterized by its prominent motor symptoms but also associated with disturbances in cognitive and emotional functioning. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of emotion processing on inter-hemispheric electroencephalography (EEG) coherence in PD. Multimodal emotional stimuli (happiness, sadness, fear, anger, surprise, and disgust) were presented to 20 PD patients and 30 age-, education level-, and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) while EEG was recorded. Inter-hemispheric coherence was computed from seven homologous EEG electrode pairs (AF3-AF4, F7-F8, F3-F4, FC5-FC6, T7-T8, P7-P8, and O1-O2) for delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. In addition, subjective ratings were obtained for a representative of emotional stimuli. Interhemispherically, PD patients showed significantly lower coherence in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands than HC during emotion processing. No significant changes were found in the delta frequency band coherence. We also found that PD patients were more impaired in recognizing negative emotions (sadness, fear, anger, and disgust) than relatively positive emotions (happiness and surprise). Behaviorally, PD patients did not show impairment in emotion recognition as measured by subjective ratings. These findings suggest that PD patients may have an impairment of inter-hemispheric functional connectivity (i.e., a decline in cortical connectivity) during emotion processing. This study may increase the awareness of EEG emotional response studies in clinical practice to uncover potential neurophysiologic abnormalities.
帕金森病（PD）不仅以其突出的运动症状为特征，还与认知和情绪功能障碍有关。本研究的目的是调查情绪加工对帕金森病患者半球间脑电图（EEG）连贯性的影响。向20名帕金森病患者和30名年龄、教育水平和性别相匹配的健康对照者（HC）呈现多模态情绪刺激（快乐、悲伤、恐惧、愤怒、惊讶和厌恶），同时记录脑电图。从七个同源脑电图电极对（AF3-AF4、F7-F8、F3-F4、FC5-FC6、T7-T8、P7-P8和O1-O2）计算δ、θ、α、β和γ频段的半球间连贯性。此外，对一种代表性情绪刺激进行主观评分。在半球间，帕金森病患者在情绪加工过程中，θ、α、β和γ频段的连贯性显著低于健康对照者。在δ频段连贯性方面未发现显著变化。我们还发现，与相对积极的情绪（快乐和惊讶）相比，帕金森病患者在识别消极情绪（悲伤、恐惧、愤怒和厌恶）方面受损更严重。在行为上，通过主观评分衡量，帕金森病患者在情绪识别方面未表现出受损。这些发现表明，帕金森病患者在情绪加工过程中可能存在半球间功能连接受损（即皮质连接性下降）。本研究可能会提高临床实践中对脑电图情绪反应研究的认识，以发现潜在的神经生理异常。
