Thompson R K, Oden D L
Whitely Psychology Laboratories, Franklin and Marshall College, P.O. Box 3003, Lancaster, PA 17604-3003, USA.
Department of Psychology, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA.
Behav Processes. 1995 Dec;35(1-3):149-61. doi: 10.1016/0376-6357(95)00048-8.
We review the evidence for three important disparities involving the perception and judgment of identity relations by human and nonhuman primates. First, only humans beyond infancy and adult chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) with a history of language or token training can explicitly judge relations (same or different) between relations (identity and nonidentity) in a matching-to-sample (MTS) task. Second, both human and chimpanzee infants perceive relational similarity as measured in preference-for-novelty tasks. The human and chimpanzee infants, however, do not express this tacit knowledge in judgmental tasks like relational MTS. Third, unlike the human and chimpanzee infants, adult rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) tested with the same preference-for-novelty tasks do not perceive abstract relational similarities and differences despite their sensitivity to physical identity.
我们回顾了有关人类和非人类灵长类动物在身份关系认知和判断方面存在的三个重要差异的证据。第一，只有超过婴儿期且有语言或符号训练经历的人类以及成年黑猩猩（黑猩猩属），能够在样本匹配（MTS）任务中明确判断关系（相同或不同）之间的关系（同一和非同一）。第二，人类和黑猩猩婴儿在新奇偏好任务中所测量的那样感知关系相似性。然而，人类和黑猩猩婴儿在诸如关系性MTS等判断任务中并未表达出这种隐性知识。第三，与人类和黑猩猩婴儿不同，用相同的新奇偏好任务进行测试的成年恒河猴（猕猴属），尽管它们对物理同一性敏感，但并未感知到抽象的关系相似性和差异。
