McSweeney F K, Swindell S, Weatherly J N
Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4820, USA.
Department of Psychology, Mc Neese State University, Lake Charles, LA 70609-1895, USA.
Behav Processes. 1998 Jun;43(3):315-28. doi: 10.1016/s0376-6357(98)00026-6.
Rats and pigeons responded on multiple variable interval 30-s variable interval 30-s and multiple variable interval 60-s variable interval 60-s schedules. The 60-min sessions began 0, 5, 10, 15 or 30 min after the subject was placed in the experimental enclosure, determined randomly. Early-session response rates were usually higher, and the early-session increases in responding were usually smaller, when the beginning of the session was delayed than when it was immediate. These results show that factors related to reinforcement (e.g. satiation, sensitization-habituation to the reinforcers) do not provide a complete explanation for within-session changes in operant responding. Instead, an additional factor, possibly arousal or sensitization to the experimental context, also contributes. The results suggest an explanation for the spontaneous recovery of extinguished behavior.
大鼠和鸽子在多重可变间隔30秒-可变间隔30秒以及多重可变间隔60秒-可变间隔60秒的强化程序下做出反应。60分钟的实验时段在将实验对象放入实验环境后随机确定的0、5、10、15或30分钟开始。与实验时段开始即刻相比，当实验时段延迟开始时，早期时段的反应率通常更高，且早期时段反应的增加通常更小。这些结果表明，与强化相关的因素（如饱足感、对强化物的敏感化-习惯化）并不能完全解释操作性反应在实验时段内的变化。相反，一个额外的因素，可能是对实验环境的唤醒或敏感化，也起到了作用。这些结果为消退行为的自发恢复提供了一种解释。
