Sakamoto Masayuki, Kageyama Ryoichiro, Imayoshi Itaru
Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan ; Kyoto University Graduate School of Biostudies Kyoto, Japan.
Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan ; World Premier International Research Initiative-Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan ; Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology Kyoto, Japan.
Front Neurosci. 2014 May 26;8:121. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2014.00121. eCollection 2014.
The olfactory bulb (OB) is the first central processing center for olfactory information connecting with higher areas in the brain, and this neuronal circuitry mediates a variety of odor-evoked behavioral responses. In the adult mammalian brain, continuous neurogenesis occurs in two restricted regions, the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. New neurons born in the SVZ migrate through the rostral migratory stream and are integrated into the neuronal circuits of the OB throughout life. The significance of this continuous supply of new neurons in the OB has been implicated in plasticity and memory regulation. Two decades of huge investigation in adult neurogenesis revealed the biological importance of integration of new neurons into the olfactory circuits. In this review, we highlight the recent findings about the physiological functions of newly generated neurons in rodent OB circuits and then discuss the contribution of neurogenesis in the brain function. Finally, we introduce cutting edge technologies to monitor and manipulate the activity of new neurons.
嗅球（OB）是嗅觉信息的首个中枢处理中心，与大脑中的高级区域相连，并且这种神经回路介导了多种气味诱发的行为反应。在成年哺乳动物大脑中，持续的神经发生发生在两个受限区域，即侧脑室的脑室下区（SVZ）和海马齿状回。在SVZ中产生的新神经元通过吻侧迁移流迁移，并终生整合到OB的神经回路中。OB中这种持续供应新神经元的意义已被认为与可塑性和记忆调节有关。二十年来对成体神经发生的大量研究揭示了新神经元整合到嗅觉回路中的生物学重要性。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了啮齿动物OB回路中新生成神经元生理功能的最新发现，然后讨论了神经发生对脑功能的贡献。最后，我们介绍了用于监测和操纵新神经元活动的前沿技术。
