Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, MN, USA.
Front Psychol. 2014 May 19;5:440. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00440. eCollection 2014.
Marr famously decomposed cognitive theories into three levels. Newell, Pylyshyn, and Anderson offered parallel decompositions of cognitive architectures, which are psychologically plausible computational formalisms for expressing computational models of cognition. These analyses focused on the objective meaning of each level - how it supports computational models that correspond to cognitive phenomena. This paper develops a complementary analysis of the subjective meaning of each level - how it helps cognitive scientists understand cognition. It then argues against calls to eliminatively reduce higher levels to lower levels, for example, in the name of parsimony. Finally, it argues that the failure to attend to the multiple meanings and levels of cognitive architecture contributes to the current, disunified state of theoretical cognitive science.
马伦（Marr）将认知理论分解为三个层次。纽厄尔（Newell）、皮利申（Pylyshyn）和安德森（Anderson）提出了认知体系结构的并行分解，这是一种在心理上合理的计算形式化方法，用于表达认知的计算模型。这些分析集中在每个层次的客观意义上-它如何支持与认知现象相对应的计算模型。本文对每个层次的主观意义进行了补充分析-它如何帮助认知科学家理解认知。然后，它反对以简约为名消除较高层次到较低层次的观点。最后，它认为，未能注意到认知体系结构的多重含义和层次，是导致理论认知科学目前处于不统一状态的原因之一。
