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Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 2EF, United Kingdom.
Behav Brain Sci. 2000 Aug;23(4):443-67; discussion 467-512. doi: 10.1017/s0140525x00003356.
Over the last decade, fully distributed models have become dominant in connectionist psychological modelling, whereas the virtues of localist models have been underestimated. This target article illustrates some of the benefits of localist modelling. Localist models are characterized by the presence of localist representations rather than the absence of distributed representations. A generalized localist model is proposed that exhibits many of the properties of fully distributed models. It can be applied to a number of problems that are difficult for fully distributed models, and its applicability can be extended through comparisons with a number of classic mathematical models of behaviour. There are reasons why localist models have been underused, though these often misconstrue the localist position. In particular, many conclusions about connectionist representation, based on neuroscientific observation, can be called into question. There are still some problems inherent in the application of fully distributed systems and some inadequacies in proposed solutions to these problems. In the domain of psychological modelling, localist modelling is to be preferred.
在过去十年中，完全分布式模型在联结主义心理建模中占据了主导地位，而局部主义模型的优点却被低估了。这篇目标文章阐述了局部主义建模的一些益处。局部主义模型的特点是存在局部主义表征，而非不存在分布式表征。本文提出了一种广义局部主义模型，它展现出许多完全分布式模型的特性。它可应用于一些完全分布式模型难以处理的问题，并且通过与一些经典行为数学模型进行比较，其适用性能够得到扩展。局部主义模型未得到充分利用是有原因的，不过这些原因常常误解了局部主义的立场。特别是，许多基于神经科学观察得出的关于联结主义表征的结论可能会受到质疑。完全分布式系统的应用仍然存在一些固有问题，并且针对这些问题所提出的解决方案也存在一些不足之处。在心理建模领域，局部主义建模更值得青睐。
