Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia and Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo, Pavia, Italy ; Center for the Study of Endocrine-Metabolic Pathophysiology and Clinical Research, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Cardiology Department of the School of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Guadalajara, Jalisco, México.
Arch Med Sci. 2014 May 12;10(2):336-44. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2014.42587. Epub 2014 May 13.
Nutritional medical treatment is the first step to achieve adequate glycemic control and prevent diabetic complications. Lifestyle changes include moderate weight loss (7%) and regular physical activity (150 min/week). The appropriate diet composition is < 30% total fat, < 10% saturated fats, > 15 g/1000 kcal fiber, half soluble, 45-60% of carbohydrates with amoderate intake of sugar (50 g/day) and protein intake of 15-20% of the total calories a day. Patients need to limit the intake of saturated fats to < 7% of the daily calorie intake. Monounsaturated fatty acids such as olive oil and other vegetable oils are recommended. L-carnitine, α-lipoic acid, berberine and ω-3 fatty acids can be useful supplements.
营养医学治疗是实现充分血糖控制和预防糖尿病并发症的第一步。生活方式的改变包括适度减轻体重（7%）和定期体育活动（150 分钟/周）。适当的饮食组成是总脂肪<30%，饱和脂肪<10%，纤维>15g/1000kcal，一半为可溶性，碳水化合物占 45-60%，糖摄入量适中（50g/天），蛋白质摄入量为每天总热量的 15-20%。患者需要将饱和脂肪的摄入量限制在每天卡路里摄入量的<7%以下。建议使用橄榄油和其他植物油中的单不饱和脂肪酸。左旋肉碱、α-硫辛酸、黄连素和ω-3 脂肪酸可以作为有用的补充剂。
