Burkart Katrin, Khan Md Mobarak Hossain, Schneider Alexandra, Breitner Susanne, Langner Marcel, Krämer Alexander, Endlicher Wilfried
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Geography Department, Climatological Section, Berlin, Germany
University of Bielefeld, School of Public Health, Bielefeld, Germany.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2014 Jul;108(7):393-401. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/tru055. Epub 2014 Jun 6.
Research in the field of atmospheric science and epidemiology has long recognized the health effects of seasonal and meteorological conditions. However, little scientific knowledge exists to date about the impacts of atmospheric parameters on human mortality in tropical regions. Working within the scope of this systematic review, this investigation conducted a literature search using different databases; original research articles were chosen according to pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Both seasonal and meteorological effects were considered. The findings suggest that high amounts of rainfall and increasing temperatures cause a seasonal excess in infectious disease mortality and are therefore relevant in regions and populations in which such diseases are prevalent. On the contrary, moderately low and very high temperatures exercise an adverse effect on cardio-respiratory mortality and shape the mortality pattern in areas and sub-groups in which these diseases are dominant. Atmospheric effects were subject to population-specific factors such as age and socio-economic status and differed between urban and rural areas. The consequences of climate change as well as environmental, epidemiological and social change (e.g., emerging non-communicable diseases, ageing of the population, urbanization) suggest a growing relevance of heat-related excess mortality in tropical regions.
大气科学和流行病学领域的研究早就认识到季节和气象条件对健康的影响。然而，迄今为止，关于大气参数对热带地区人类死亡率的影响，科学知识还很匮乏。在本系统综述的范围内，这项调查使用不同的数据库进行了文献检索；根据预先定义的纳入和排除标准选择了原创研究文章。同时考虑了季节和气象影响。研究结果表明，大量降雨和气温升高会导致传染病死亡率季节性上升，因此在这些疾病流行的地区和人群中具有相关性。相反，适度低温和极高温度会对心肺死亡率产生不利影响，并塑造这些疾病占主导地位的地区和亚组的死亡率模式。大气影响受到年龄和社会经济地位等特定人群因素的影响，城乡之间也存在差异。气候变化以及环境、流行病学和社会变化（如新兴的非传染性疾病、人口老龄化、城市化）的后果表明，与高温相关的超额死亡率在热带地区的相关性日益增加。
