Diniz Debora, Madeiro Alberto, Rosas Cristião
Professor, Graduate Program in Social Policy, University of Brasilia (UnB)/Anis, Institute of Bioethics, Human Rights, and Gender, Brasilia, Brazil.
Professor, Research Center and Extension Program in Women's Health, Piauí State University (Uespi), Teresina, Brazil/Anis, Institute of Bioethics, Human Rights, and Gender, Brasilia, Brazil.
Reprod Health Matters. 2014 May;22(43):141-8. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(14)43754-6.
In Brazil, to have a legal abortion in the case of rape, the woman's statement that rape has occurred is considered sufficient to guarantee the right to abortion. The aim of this study was to understand the practice and opinions about providing abortion in the case of rape among obstetricians-gynecologists (OBGYNs) in Brazil. A mixed-method study was conducted from April to July 2012 with 1,690 OBGYNs who responded to a structured, electronic, self-completed questionnaire. In the quantitative phase, 81.6% of the physicians required police reports or judicial authorization to guarantee the care requested. In-depth telephone interviews with 50 of these physicians showed that they frequently tested women's rape claim by making them repeat their story to several health professionals; 43.5% of these claimed conscientious objection when they were uncertain whether the woman was telling the truth. The moral environment of illegal abortion alters the purpose of listening to a patient - from providing care to passing judgement on her. The data suggest that women's access to legal abortion is being blocked by these barriers in spite of the law. We recommend that FEBRASGO and the Ministry of Health work together to clarify to physicians that a woman's statement that rape occurred should allow her to access a legal abortion.
在巴西，若因强奸而进行合法堕胎，女性称遭遇强奸的陈述被视为足以保障其堕胎权。本研究旨在了解巴西妇产科医生对于强奸情况下提供堕胎服务的做法和看法。2012年4月至7月，对1690名妇产科医生开展了一项混合方法研究，这些医生回复了一份结构化的电子自填问卷。在定量阶段，81.6%的医生要求警方报告或司法授权以确保所请求的护理。对其中50名医生进行的深入电话访谈显示，他们经常通过让女性向多名医护人员重复其遭遇来检验女性关于强奸的说法；当不确定女性是否讲真话时，43.5%的医生声称出于良心拒做。非法堕胎的道德环境改变了倾听患者的目的——从提供护理变为对她进行评判。数据表明，尽管有法律规定，但这些障碍正阻碍着女性获得合法堕胎服务。我们建议巴西妇产科协会（FEBRASGO）和卫生部共同努力，向医生阐明女性称遭遇强奸的陈述应使其能够获得合法堕胎服务。
