McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Sep;25(9):472-80. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.05.003. Epub 2014 Jun 4.
The bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family of proteins has a multitude of roles throughout the body. In embryonic development, BMPs promote endothelial specification and subsequent venous differentiation. The BMP pathway also plays important roles in the adult vascular endothelium, promoting angiogenesis and mediating shear and oxidative stress. The canonical BMP pathway functions through the Smad transcription factors; however, other intracellular signaling cascades can be activated, and receptor complexes beyond the traditional type I and type II receptors add additional layers of regulation. Dysregulated BMP signaling has been linked to vascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension and atherosclerosis. This review addresses recent advances in the roles of BMP signaling in the endothelium and how BMPs affect endothelial dysfunction and human disease.
骨形态发生蛋白（BMP）家族蛋白在全身具有多种作用。在胚胎发育过程中，BMPs 促进内皮细胞的特化和随后的静脉分化。BMP 通路在成人血管内皮中也发挥着重要作用，促进血管生成，并介导切变和氧化应激。经典的 BMP 通路通过 Smad 转录因子发挥作用；然而，其他细胞内信号级联可以被激活，并且传统的 I 型和 II 型受体之外的受体复合物增加了额外的调节层。BMP 信号的失调与血管疾病有关，包括肺动脉高压和动脉粥样硬化。这篇综述讨论了 BMP 信号在血管内皮中的作用的最新进展，以及 BMPs 如何影响内皮功能障碍和人类疾病。
