Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, People's Republic of China.
Cell Immunol. 2014 Jul;290(1):72-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.05.006. Epub 2014 May 27.
The programmed death (PD)-1/PD-1 ligands (PD-Ls) pathway, is a new member of the B7/CD28 family, and consists of the PD-1 receptor and its ligands PD-L1 (B7-H1, CD274) and PD-L2 (B7-DC, CD273). Recently, it is reported that PD-1, PD-L1 and PD-L2 also have soluble forms aside from their membrane bound forms. The soluble forms increase the diversity and complexity of PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in both composition and function. The PD-1/PD-Ls pathway is broadly expressed and exerts a wider range of immunoregulatory roles in T-cell activation and tolerance compared with other B7/CD28 family members. Studies show that the PD-1/PD-Ls pathway regulates the induction and maintenance of peripheral tolerance and protects tissues from autoimmune attack in physiological conditions. In addition, it is also involved in various diseases mediated by T cells, such as autoimmunity, tumor immunity, chronic viral infections, and transplantation immunity. In this review, we will summarize the relevance of the soluble forms and the latest researches on the role of PD-1/PD-Ls pathway in autoimmune diseases.
程序性死亡受体（PD-1）/程序性死亡受体配体（PD-Ls）途径是 B7/CD28 家族的新成员，由 PD-1 受体及其配体 PD-L1（B7-H1、CD274）和 PD-L2（B7-DC、CD273）组成。最近有报道称，PD-1、PD-L1 和 PD-L2 除了膜结合形式外，还有可溶性形式。可溶性形式增加了 PD-1/PD-Ls 途径在组成和功能上的多样性和复杂性。PD-1/PD-Ls 途径广泛表达，并在 T 细胞激活和耐受中发挥比其他 B7/CD28 家族成员更广泛的免疫调节作用。研究表明，PD-1/PD-Ls 途径调节外周耐受的诱导和维持，并在生理条件下保护组织免受自身免疫攻击。此外，它还参与 T 细胞介导的各种疾病，如自身免疫、肿瘤免疫、慢性病毒感染和移植免疫。在这篇综述中，我们将总结可溶性形式的相关性以及 PD-1/PD-Ls 途径在自身免疫性疾病中的最新研究进展。
