Gummerum Michaela, Leman Patrick J, Hollins Tara S
School of Psychology, University of Plymouth.
Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London.
Dev Psychol. 2014 Aug;50(8):2105-14. doi: 10.1037/a0037144. Epub 2014 Jun 9.
Group decision making should be particularly beneficial when group members share unique information, because then a group can make a better decision than each group member alone. This study examined how elementary-school children share unique information during group decision making. Seventy-nine groups of 3 same-sex and same-age 7- and 9-year-old children (N = 237) had to decide which 1 of 2 hypothetical candidates should play the lead role in a school musical. When information was unshared, group members had to exchange their uniquely held information to identify the best candidate. Only a minority of groups picked the best candidate when information was unshared. Yet, groups of 7-year-old children were better at identifying the best candidate and were less likely to focus on the discussion of shared information than groups of 9-year-olds. These findings are interpreted with reference to processes underlying information sharing in groups, namely collective information sampling, preference-consistent evaluation, and collaborative inhibition/intersubjectivity.
当小组成员共享独特信息时，群体决策应该会特别有益，因为这样一来，小组能够做出比每个小组成员单独做出的更好的决策。本研究考察了小学生在群体决策过程中如何共享独特信息。79组由3名7岁和9岁的同性且同龄儿童组成（N = 237），他们必须决定在一场学校音乐剧中，两名假设候选人中的哪一位应该担任主角。当信息未被共享时，小组成员必须交流他们各自持有的独特信息，以确定最佳候选人。当信息未被共享时，只有少数小组选出了最佳候选人。然而，与9岁儿童组相比，7岁儿童组在识别最佳候选人方面表现更好，并且不太可能专注于讨论共享信息。这些发现是参照群体中信息共享的潜在过程来解释的，即集体信息抽样、偏好一致评估以及协作抑制/主体间性。
