Fioritti Angelo, Burns Tom, Hilarion Pilar, van Weeghel Jaap, Cappa Corrado, Suñol Rosa, Otto Ellen
Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Bologna.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford.
Psychiatr Rehabil J. 2014 Jun;37(2):123-8. doi: 10.1037/prj0000065.
Individual Placement and Support (IPS) is a psychosocial intervention with a considerable body of evidence for its effectiveness in helping people with severe psychiatric disorders to obtain and maintain competitive jobs. In the last decades several European studies have replicated earlier American outcomes, generating widespread interest about its implementation in Europe.
This article describes and compares details about achievements and challenges of IPS in 4 European countries: the United Kingdom, Italy, The Netherlands, and Spain.
This description draws from published and nonpublished material about policy, development of services, and services evaluation.
In the United Kingdom and in The Netherlands, empirical studies exploring the consistency of results over time and the effectiveness of IPS adaptations to local needs and special population are in course. In the United Kingdom, IPS has become national policy, as well as in some regions of Italy and Spain. Training is quite extensive in the United Kingdom and in The Netherlands, developing well in Italy and Spain. Implementation seems to be less straightforward, mostly because of deeply rooted cultural values regarding both work and mental health care. Strong local leadership is still required. In all countries contingencies related to the current economic crisis seems to have increased interest in IPS.
With the converging forces of strong local leadership, rapid economic changes, and slow cultural shifts, IPS may soon become a priority intervention in Europe for ensuring that people living with serious mental illnesses are able to obtain competitive employment.
个体安置与支持（IPS）是一种社会心理干预措施，有大量证据表明其在帮助重度精神疾病患者获得并维持有竞争力的工作方面具有有效性。在过去几十年里，多项欧洲研究重复了早期美国的研究成果，引发了人们对其在欧洲实施情况的广泛关注。
本文描述并比较了IPS在4个欧洲国家（英国、意大利、荷兰和西班牙）的成果与挑战细节。
本描述取材于已发表和未发表的有关政策、服务发展及服务评估的材料。
在英国和荷兰，正在进行实证研究，以探究结果随时间的一致性以及IPS适应当地需求和特殊人群的有效性。在英国，IPS已成为国家政策，在意大利和西班牙的一些地区也是如此。培训在英国和荷兰相当广泛，在意大利和西班牙也发展良好。实施似乎并非一帆风顺，主要是因为在工作和精神卫生保健方面存在根深蒂固的文化价值观。仍然需要强有力的地方领导。在所有国家，与当前经济危机相关的意外情况似乎增加了人们对IPS的兴趣。
在强有力的地方领导、快速的经济变化和缓慢的文化转变等多种力量的共同作用下，IPS可能很快成为欧洲的一项优先干预措施，以确保患有严重精神疾病的人能够获得有竞争力的就业机会。
