Kar Narayani Prasad, Kumar Ashwani, Singh Om P, Carlton Jane M, Nanda Nutan
Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Malaria Research, Sector-8, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India.
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Jun 9;7:265. doi: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-265.
Malaria continues to be a major health problem in more than 100 endemic countries located primarily in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world. Malaria transmission is a dynamic process and involves many interlinked factors, from uncontrollable natural environmental conditions to man-made disturbances to nature. Almost half of the population at risk of malaria lives in forest areas. Forests are hot beds of malaria transmission as they provide conditions such as vegetation cover, temperature, rainfall and humidity conditions that are conducive to distribution and survival of malaria vectors. Forests often lack infrastructure and harbor tribes with distinct genetic traits, socio-cultural beliefs and practices that greatly influence malaria transmission dynamics. Here we summarize the various topographical, entomological, parasitological, human ecological and socio-economic factors, which are crucial and shape malaria transmission in forested areas. An in-depth understanding and synthesis of the intricate relationship of these parameters in achieving better malaria control in various types of forest ecosystems is emphasized.
疟疾仍然是100多个主要位于世界热带和亚热带地区的流行国家的一个重大健康问题。疟疾传播是一个动态过程，涉及许多相互关联的因素，从无法控制的自然环境条件到人为对自然的干扰。几乎一半面临疟疾风险的人口生活在森林地区。森林是疟疾传播的温床，因为它们提供了诸如植被覆盖、温度、降雨和湿度等有利于疟疾病媒分布和生存的条件。森林往往缺乏基础设施，并且居住着具有独特遗传特征、社会文化信仰和习俗的部落，这些因素极大地影响了疟疾传播动态。在这里，我们总结了各种地形、昆虫学、寄生虫学、人类生态学和社会经济因素，这些因素对于塑造森林地区的疟疾传播至关重要。强调深入理解和综合这些参数之间的复杂关系，以在各种类型的森林生态系统中更好地控制疟疾。
