Leszczyszyn Jarosław, Łebski Igor, Łysenko Lidia, Hirnle Lidia, Gerber Hanna
EMC HC Clinic, Dublin, Republic of Ireland.
EuroMediCare Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland.
Adv Clin Exp Med. 2014 Mar-Apr;23(2):307-11. doi: 10.17219/acem/37083.
HPV infections are currently the most frequent cause of genital infections in the USA. Risk factors are early onset of sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, a history STDs, an early age of first pregnancy and tobacco use. In the past, HPV viruses were thought to be STDs, but it is now known that penetration is not necessary. Skin-to-skin or mucosa-to-mucosa contact is enough to transmit the virus, which presents high tropism for those tissues. The Papillomaviridae family includes over 120 viruses, some of which have high malignant transformation rates. The most common malignancy connected to HPV is uterine cervix cancer and anal canal cancer. The range of morphology of perianal lesions means that a thorough clinical examination is required, including an anoscopy. Therapeutic modalities often seek to eliminate macroscopic changes rather than focus on the cause of the infection, which leads to a high recurrence rate. Externally located changes can be eliminated with patient-applied treatments. Those located in the anal canal and distal end of the rectal ampulla require treatment by a qualified medical provider. Due to the high recurrence rate after standard treatment, special attention has been given to vaccinations. The polyvalent vaccine includes HPV viruses with both low and high malignant transformation risk. This has led to a decrease in the rate of malignancies.
人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染是目前美国生殖器感染最常见的病因。危险因素包括性活动开始早、多个性伴侣、性传播疾病史、首次怀孕年龄小以及吸烟。过去，HPV病毒被认为是性传播疾病，但现在已知无需穿透。皮肤与皮肤或黏膜与黏膜的接触就足以传播病毒，该病毒对这些组织具有高度嗜性。乳头瘤病毒科包括120多种病毒，其中一些具有高恶性转化率。与HPV相关的最常见恶性肿瘤是子宫颈癌和肛管癌。肛周病变的形态多样，这意味着需要进行全面的临床检查，包括肛门镜检查。治疗方式通常旨在消除肉眼可见的病变，而非关注感染原因，这导致复发率很高。位于体表的病变可通过患者自行使用的治疗方法消除。位于肛管和直肠壶腹远端的病变需要由合格的医疗人员进行治疗。由于标准治疗后复发率高，疫苗接种受到了特别关注。多价疫苗包含具有低和高恶性转化风险的HPV病毒。这导致了恶性肿瘤发生率的下降。
