Gerber Barend P, Pienaar Anita E, Kruger Ankebe, Ellis Suria
PHaSRec in the Faculty of Health Sciences, Potchefstroom Campus, School for Biokinetics, Recreation and Sport Science, North West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, Republic of South Africa.
Am J Hum Biol. 2014 Sep-Oct;26(5):617-26. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.22572. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
This study aimed to determine changes and interrelationships between changes in selected anthropometric growth parameters and motor and physical fitness, among boys over a 2 year period during mid-adolescence.
Speed, agility, hand-eye coordination, explosive power, muscle strength, and aerobic endurance were measured once a year, and the anthropometric measurements (stature, body mass, sitting height, arm span, and sitting height ratio), were measured three times per year, 4 months apart (among 73 adolescent boys). A hierarchical linear model, adjusting for covariates and partial correlation analysis (R(2) ) were used to analyze the data.
All anthropometric, motor, and physical measurements improved significantly over the two-year period. Significantly, greater changes were seen between 13 and 14 years in stature, arm span, sitting height and body mass. Changes in muscle strength, speed and agility were mainly significant between 13 and 14 years while the biggest changes occurred in explosive power and upper-body-arm-and-shoulder-strength during year 2 (14-15 years). The majority of interrelationships, indicating moderate to small relationships, were found between changes in stature, arm span, and sitting height, and changing strength, speed, agility, and hand eye coordination over the two-year period, after adjusting for maturity age and physical activity levels.
Motor and physical fitness improved significantly from 13 to 15 years, showing definite interrelationships with anthropometric growth during the mid-adolescence period. Awareness and education about these changes are recommended as it can have significant effects on the sport performance and fitness training of boys during mid-adolescence.
本研究旨在确定青春期中期男孩在两年时间里选定的人体测量生长参数变化与运动和身体素质之间的变化及相互关系。
每年测量一次速度、敏捷性、手眼协调能力、爆发力、肌肉力量和有氧耐力，每年测量三次人体测量指标（身高、体重、坐高、臂展和坐高比），每次间隔4个月（共73名青春期男孩）。采用分层线性模型，并对协变量进行调整，同时进行偏相关分析（R²）来分析数据。
在两年时间里，所有人体测量、运动和身体指标均有显著改善。值得注意的是，在13至14岁之间，身高、臂展、坐高和体重的变化更为显著。肌肉力量、速度和敏捷性的变化主要在13至14岁之间显著，而在第二年（14至15岁），爆发力和上身手臂及肩部力量的变化最大。在调整成熟年龄和身体活动水平后，在两年时间里，身高、臂展和坐高的变化与力量、速度、敏捷性和手眼协调能力的变化之间发现了大多数呈中度至低度的相互关系。
从13岁到15岁，运动和身体素质有显著改善，在青春期中期与人体测量生长呈现出明确的相互关系。建议对这些变化提高认识并进行教育，因为这可能对青春期中期男孩的运动表现和体能训练产生重大影响。
