Plata Bello Ana, Concepcion Masip Tomas
Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario de Canarias. Santa Cruz de Tenerife. España.
Arch Esp Urol. 2014 Jun;67(5):373-82.
The aim of this study is to provide an evidence-based analysis of the epidemiological situation of prostate cancer today and its future perspectives.
A literature review on Medline has been made of the most relevant papers related to the epidemiology of prostate cancer and their etiological factors. We selected for review those manuscripts with the highest level of evidence.
Prostate cancer is the second most common neoplasia in men worldwide. The increasing trend in the incidente counteracted by an overall decrease in mortality from this disease have made prostate cancer an important health problem because of its high prevalence. There are significant geographic differences in terms of incidence and mortality. Age, ethnicity and family history are risk factors demonstrated but there are other factors related to the environment that play an important role in the biology of prostate cancer and tumor genesis.
In the last 20 years there has been a progressive increase in the global incidence of this disease probably secondary to a progressive aging population, the improvement in diagnostic techniques and a higher intensity screening of prostate cancer. Though mortality has been reduced prostate cancer is the sixth cause of cancer-specific death worldwide. The combination of genetic and environmental factors may explain the ethnic and geographical variations in the incidence and mortality from prostate cancer.
本研究旨在对当今前列腺癌的流行病学状况及其未来前景进行循证分析。
对Medline上与前列腺癌流行病学及其病因相关的最具相关性的论文进行了文献综述。我们选择了证据水平最高的那些手稿进行综述。
前列腺癌是全球男性中第二常见的肿瘤。发病率的上升趋势与该疾病总体死亡率的下降相互抵消，这使得前列腺癌因其高患病率而成为一个重要的健康问题。在发病率和死亡率方面存在显著的地理差异。年龄、种族和家族史是已证实的风险因素，但还有其他与环境相关的因素在前列腺癌生物学和肿瘤发生中起重要作用。
在过去20年中，这种疾病的全球发病率呈逐步上升趋势，这可能继发于人口的逐步老龄化、诊断技术的改进以及对前列腺癌更高强度的筛查。尽管死亡率有所降低，但前列腺癌仍是全球癌症特异性死亡的第六大原因。遗传和环境因素的结合可能解释了前列腺癌发病率和死亡率的种族和地理差异。
