Rodríguez-Mireles Karen A, Gaspar-López Arturo, López-Rocha Eunice G, Del Rivero-Hernández Leonel, Segura-Méndez Nora Hilda
Servicio de Alergia e Inmunología Clínica, Hospital de Especialidades Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México, DF.
Rev Alerg Mex. 2014 Apr-Jun;61(2):65-72.
Oral allergy syndrome (OAS) is the mildest form of an allergic reaction to foods. It is characterized by the presence of IgE mediated symptoms restricted to oral mucosa after intake of fresh fruits and vegetables. OAS diagnosis is based on suggestive clinical manifestations and can be confirmed with tests such as prick-to-prick skin test with the food implicated, which have a sensitivity > 90%, specificity 30-60%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 40% and negative predictive value (NPV) > 95%.
To know the prevalence of OAS in adult patients attending a third level hospital in southern Mexico City, and also describe the demographics of these patients and comorbidities more frequently associated.
We studied 44 patients (40 women and 4 men), with an average age of 33.4 years, with suggestive clinical features of OAS, evaluated with prick-by-prick skin tests with fresh food.
There was a predominance of OAS in woman (91%) and a prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis of 54% among this population. We found that 60.4% of these patients had positive prick-by-prick skin tests, being the most frequently involved families of foods: rosaceae (60%), crustaceans (25%), musaceae (23%), actinidacea (21%), lauraceae (16%) and cucurbitaceae (16%). Only 5 patients presented adverse reactions with prick-by-prick skin tests, in 4 of the cases with grade 3 and grade 4 anaphylaxis, while testing with banana-watermelon, peach, papaya and peanut, respectively.
Oral allergy syndrome affects more women than men, the most frequent comorbidities in patients with oral allergy syndrome are allergic rhinitis and asthma, thus, in patients with asthma and allergic rhinitis, sensitized to pollens we have to ask about symptoms suggestive of oral allergy syndrome.
口腔过敏综合征（OAS）是食物过敏反应中最轻微的一种形式。其特征是摄入新鲜水果和蔬菜后，出现局限于口腔黏膜的IgE介导症状。OAS的诊断基于提示性的临床表现，并可通过如用可疑食物进行点刺试验等检查来确诊，这些检查的敏感性>90%，特异性30 - 60%，阳性预测值（PPV）为40%，阴性预测值（NPV）>95%。
了解墨西哥城南部一家三级医院成年患者中OAS的患病率，并描述这些患者的人口统计学特征以及更常见的合并症。
我们研究了44例患者（40名女性和4名男性），平均年龄33.4岁，具有OAS的提示性临床特征，通过用新鲜食物进行点刺试验进行评估。
女性中OAS占主导（91%），该人群中哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的患病率为54%。我们发现这些患者中有60.4%的点刺试验呈阳性，最常涉及的食物类别有：蔷薇科（60%）、甲壳类（25%）、芭蕉科（23%）、猕猴桃科（21%）、樟科（16%）和葫芦科（16%）。只有5例患者在点刺试验中出现不良反应，其中4例分别在测试香蕉 - 西瓜、桃子、木瓜和花生时出现3级和4级过敏反应。
口腔过敏综合征在女性中的影响多于男性，口腔过敏综合征患者最常见的合并症是过敏性鼻炎和哮喘，因此，对于对花粉过敏的哮喘和过敏性鼻炎患者，我们必须询问是否有提示口腔过敏综合征的症状。
