Schiewer Matthew J, Knudsen Karen E
Kimmel Cancer Center, Departments of Cancer Biology.
Kimmel Cancer Center, Departments of Cancer Biology, Urology, and Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mol Cancer Res. 2014 Aug;12(8):1069-80. doi: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-13-0672. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) is an abundant, ubiquitously expressed NAD(+)-dependent nuclear enzyme that has prognostic value for a multitude of human cancers. PARP1 activity serves to poly (ADP-ribose)-ylate the vast majority of known client proteins and affects a number of cellular and biologic outcomes, by mediating the DNA damage response (DDR), base-excision repair (BER), and DNA strand break (DSB) pathways. PARP1 is also critically important for the maintenance of genomic integrity, as well as chromatin dynamics and transcriptional regulation. Evidence also indicates that PARP-directed therapeutics are "synthetic lethal" in BRCA1/2-deficient model systems. Strikingly, recent studies have unearthed exciting new transcriptional-regulatory roles for PARP1, which has profound implications for human malignancies and will be reviewed herein.
聚(ADP - 核糖)聚合酶 -1(PARP1)是一种含量丰富、广泛表达的依赖烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD⁺)的核酶,对多种人类癌症具有预后价值。PARP1活性用于使绝大多数已知的客户蛋白发生聚(ADP - 核糖)基化,并通过介导DNA损伤反应(DDR)、碱基切除修复(BER)和DNA链断裂(DSB)途径影响许多细胞和生物学结果。PARP1对于维持基因组完整性以及染色质动力学和转录调控也至关重要。有证据还表明,PARP靶向治疗在BRCA1/2缺陷模型系统中具有“合成致死”作用。引人注目的是,最近的研究发现了PARP1令人兴奋的新转录调节作用,这对人类恶性肿瘤具有深远影响,本文将对此进行综述。