Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Netherlands.
Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam Netherlands ; Amsterdam Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam Netherlands.
Front Psychol. 2014 Jun 2;5:518. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00518. eCollection 2014.
This paper presents a novel theoretical view on impulsive action, integrating thus far separate perspectives on non-reflective action, motivation, emotion regulation, and impulse control. We frame impulsive action in terms of directedness of the individual organism toward, away, or against other givens - toward future states and away from one's present state. First, appraisal of a perceived or thought-of event or object on occasion, rapidly and without premonition or conscious deliberation, triggers a motive to modify one's relation to that event or object. Situational specifics of the event as perceived and appraised motivate and guide selection of readiness for a particular kind of purposive action. Second, perception of complex situations can give rise to multiple appraisals, multiple motives, and multiple simultaneous changes in action readiness. Multiple states of action readiness may interact in generating action, by reinforcing or attenuating each other, thereby yielding impulse control. We show how emotion control can itself result from a motive state or state of action readiness. Our view links impulsive action mechanistically to states of action readiness, which is the central feature of what distinguishes one kind of emotion from another. It thus provides a novel theoretical perspective to the somewhat fragmented literature on impulsive action.
本文提出了一种关于冲动行为的新理论观点，综合了迄今为止关于非反射性行为、动机、情绪调节和冲动控制的不同观点。我们将冲动行为定义为个体生物对其他给定因素的朝向、远离或反抗——朝向未来状态，远离当前状态。首先，对感知到或想到的事件或对象的评价有时会迅速发生，没有预兆或有意识的思考，引发了改变与该事件或对象关系的动机。所感知和评价的事件的具体情况激发并指导了对特定类型有目的行动的准备。其次，对复杂情况的感知会导致多种评价、多种动机和多种行动准备的同时变化。多个行动准备状态可以通过相互增强或减弱来相互作用，从而产生冲动控制。我们展示了情绪控制如何本身源自动机状态或行动准备状态。我们的观点将冲动行为机械地与行动准备状态联系起来，这是区分一种情绪与另一种情绪的核心特征。因此，它为关于冲动行为的有点零散的文献提供了一个新的理论视角。
