Snowden Aleksandra J, Pridemore William Alex
Department of Criminal Justice, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee , Milwaukee, WI and.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2014 Jul;40(4):327-35. doi: 10.3109/00952990.2014.918622. Epub 2014 Jun 11.
There is considerable evidence of an association between alcohol outlet density and violence. Although prior research reveals the importance of specific characteristics of bars on this association and that the relationship between bar density and violence may be moderated by these characteristics, there are few similar studies of the characteristics of off-premise outlets (e.g., liquor and convenience stores).
We examined whether immediate environment, business practice, staff, and patron characteristics of off-premise alcohol outlets are associated with simple and aggravated assault density.
Cross-sectional design using aggregate data from 65 census block groups in a non-metropolitan college town, systematic social observation, and spatial modeling techniques.
We found limited effects of immediate environment, business practice, staff, and patron characteristics on simple assault density and no effect on aggravated assault density. Only two out of 17 characteristics were associated with simple assault density (i.e., nearby library and male patrons).
This is the first study to examine the association between several off-premise alcohol outlet characteristics and assault. Our findings suggest that where the off-premise outlets are located, how well the immediate environment is maintained, what types of beverages the outlets sell, who visits them, and who works there matter little in their association with violence. This suggests the importance of outlet density itself as a primary driver of any association with violence. Public policies aimed at reducing alcohol outlet density or clustering may be useful for reducing violence.
有大量证据表明酒类销售场所密度与暴力行为之间存在关联。尽管先前的研究揭示了酒吧的特定特征在这种关联中的重要性，且酒吧密度与暴力行为之间的关系可能会受到这些特征的调节，但针对店外销售场所（如酒类商店和便利店）特征的类似研究却很少。
我们研究了店外酒类销售场所的周边环境、经营方式、员工和顾客特征是否与简单攻击和严重攻击的发生率相关。
采用横断面设计，使用来自一个非大都市大学城65个人口普查街区组的汇总数据、系统的社会观察和空间建模技术。
我们发现周边环境、经营方式、员工和顾客特征对简单攻击发生率的影响有限，对严重攻击发生率没有影响。17个特征中只有两个与简单攻击发生率相关（即附近的图书馆和男性顾客）。
这是第一项研究店外酒类销售场所的多个特征与攻击行为之间关联的研究。我们的研究结果表明，店外销售场所的位置、周边环境的维护情况、销售的饮料类型、光顾的人群以及员工构成等因素与暴力行为的关联不大。这表明销售场所密度本身作为与暴力行为相关的主要驱动因素的重要性。旨在降低酒类销售场所密度或聚集程度的公共政策可能有助于减少暴力行为。
