Bloemhoff Yris, Danaher Martin, Morgan Eric, Mulcahy Grace, Power Clare, Sayers Ríona
Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Teagasc, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Dublin 15, Ashtown, Ireland.
Vet Parasitol. 2014 Aug 29;204(3-4):352-63. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.05.029. Epub 2014 May 24.
Dictyocaulus viviparus, Ostertagia ostertagi (nematode parasites), and Fasciola hepatica (trematode parasite) result in productivity losses on dairy farms and impact on animal health through clinical and sub-clinical disease. Parasite control in livestock systems is largely based on the use of chemoprophylactic agents (anthelmintics), grazing management, or a combination of both. The objective of this study was to document current parasite control measures employed by Irish dairy farmers in a predominantly pasture-based livestock system. A questionnaire survey of 312 geographically representative farmers was completed in 2009 with a follow up survey completed in 2011. Statistical analysis highlighted significant differences in chemoprophylactic usage between 2009 and 2011. In particular, an increase in the use of albendazole for both trematode (19% in 2009 to 36% in 2011) and nematode (30% in 2009 to 58% in 2011) control was observed. This was most likely due to flukicide restrictions introduced in the Republic of Ireland in 2010 for dairy animals. Logistic regression highlighted regional differences in chemoprophylactic use. Farmers in southern parts of Ireland, an area with good quality soil, less rainfall, and a higher density of dairy farms than other regions, were approximately half as likely to dose for F. hepatica and were more likely (OR>2.0) to use albendazole for both nematode and fluke control. Approximately 30% of respondents who used a chemoprophylactic treatment for nematodes, used a product which was 'unsuitable for purpose' (e.g. ivermectin for the treatment of F. hepatica), highlighting the need for increased awareness, continuing research, and regionally targeted education tools regarding optimal parasite control.
胎生网尾线虫、奥斯特他线虫（线虫寄生虫）和肝片吸虫（吸虫寄生虫）会导致奶牛场生产力下降，并通过临床和亚临床疾病影响动物健康。家畜系统中的寄生虫控制主要基于使用化学预防剂（驱虫药）、放牧管理或两者结合。本研究的目的是记录爱尔兰奶农在以牧场为主的家畜系统中目前采用的寄生虫控制措施。2009年完成了对312名具有地理代表性的奶农的问卷调查，并于2011年完成了后续调查。统计分析突出了2009年和2011年化学预防剂使用情况的显著差异。特别是，观察到阿苯达唑在吸虫（从2009年的19%增至2011年的36%）和线虫（从2009年的30%增至2011年得58%）控制方面的使用有所增加。这很可能是由于2010年爱尔兰共和国对奶牛实施了杀吸虫剂限制。逻辑回归突出了化学预防剂使用的区域差异。爱尔兰南部地区土壤质量好、降雨量少且奶牛场密度高于其他地区，该地区的奶农给肝片吸虫驱虫的可能性约为其他地区的一半，且更有可能（比值比>2.0）使用阿苯达唑来控制线虫和吸虫。约30%对线虫使用化学预防治疗的受访者使用了“不适用的产品”（例如用伊维菌素治疗肝片吸虫），这突出表明需要提高认识，并持续开展研究以及提供针对不同区域的最佳寄生虫控制教育工具。
