Schulte Joann M, Bellamy Abbie R, Hook Edward W, Bernstein David I, Levin Myron J, Leone Peter A, Sokol-Anderson Marcia L, Ewell Marian G, Wolff Peter A, Heineman Thomas C, Belshe Robert B
From the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, EMMES Corporation, Rockville, Maryland, the Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy, and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, Missouri, and GlaxoSmithKline, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.
South Med J. 2014 Feb;107(2):79-84. doi: 10.1097/SMJ.0000000000000062.
Recent evidence suggests that the epidemiology of herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) is changing because fewer HSV-1 infections are acquired in childhood and increased sexual transmission of HSV-1 is reported. The objective of the study was to assess the seroprevalence of type-specific antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the United States.
We used the Western blot antibody screening data from a large phase III vaccine efficacy trial (Herpevac Trial for Women) to assess the seroprevalence of type-specific antibodies to HSV-1 and HSV-2 in the United States.
The antibody status of 29,022 women (>31,000 women interviewed and then had their blood drawn for the HSV testing [29,022 women]) between the ages of 18 and 30 years in the United States revealed that increasing age was associated with increasing seroprevalence to HSV. Overall, in asymptomatic women unaware of any HSV infection, HSV-1/-2 status was positive/negative in 45%, negative/positive in 5%, positive/positive in 7%, negative/negative in 38%, and indeterminate in 5%. HSV-1 infections were more common in Hispanic and non-Hispanic black women and in the US northeast and in individuals living in urban areas. HSV-2 was more common in non-Hispanic black women, the US south, and in urban areas.
Seronegative status for both HSV-1 and HSV-2 was the second most common finding after positive antibody to HSV-1 but negative antibody to HSV-2. Despite recent changes in genital herpes epidemiology, most women acquired HSV-1 but not HSV-2 infections before 18 years of age. Among participants screened for study participation and who were unaware of any HSV infection, progressively higher prevalence of the HSV-1 or HSV-2 antibody was observed in older subjects. Many women who test positive for HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 are unaware of their status.
近期证据表明，单纯疱疹病毒（HSV）的流行病学正在发生变化，因为儿童期获得的HSV-1感染减少，且有报道称HSV-1的性传播有所增加。本研究的目的是评估美国HSV-1和HSV-2型特异性抗体的血清流行率。
我们使用了一项大型III期疫苗效力试验（女性疱疹疫苗试验）的免疫印迹抗体筛查数据，以评估美国HSV-1和HSV-2型特异性抗体的血清流行率。
对美国29,022名年龄在18至30岁之间的女性（>31,000名接受访谈的女性，随后抽取血液进行HSV检测[29,022名女性]）的抗体状况进行分析，结果显示年龄增长与HSV血清流行率增加相关。总体而言，在未意识到任何HSV感染的无症状女性中，HSV-1/-2状态为阳性/阴性的占45%，阴性/阳性的占5%，阳性/阳性的占7%，阴性/阴性的占38%，不确定的占5%。HSV-1感染在西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人女性、美国东北部以及居住在城市地区的人群中更为常见。HSV-2在非西班牙裔黑人女性、美国南部以及城市地区更为常见。
HSV-1和HSV-2血清阴性状态是仅次于HSV-1抗体阳性但HSV-2抗体阴性的第二常见结果。尽管近期生殖器疱疹流行病学有所变化，但大多数女性在18岁之前感染了HSV-1而非HSV-2病毒。在因参与研究而接受筛查且未意识到任何HSV感染的参与者中，年龄较大的受试者中HSV-1或HSV-2抗体的患病率逐渐升高。许多HSV-1和/或HSV-2检测呈阳性的女性并不知道自己的感染状况。
