Moon Byongook, Alarid Leanne Fiftal
University of Texas San Antonio, USA
University of Texas at El Paso, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2015 Mar;30(5):839-56. doi: 10.1177/0886260514536281. Epub 2014 Jun 13.
The theory of low self-control has been shown to be a valid predictor of a wide variety of criminal and deviant behaviors. However, a limited number of studies were conducted to understand the relationship between low self-control and bullying and the effects of opportunity factors (i.e., parental supervision, association with other bullies, negative school environment, and disciplinary measures used by teachers) on bullying in the context of low self-control theory. The present study, using a sample of nearly 300 youths, examined the effects of low self-control and opportunity factors on various types of bullying behaviors. Results indicated that youths with low self-control were likely to physically and psychologically bully, consistent with the theory's prediction. When opportunity measures were introduced, they were stronger explanations of bullying than low self-control, especially association with other bullies and youth who experienced disciplinary measures by their teacher. Negative school environment was a significant predictor of psychological bullying but not for physical bullying. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed.
低自我控制理论已被证明是多种犯罪和越轨行为的有效预测指标。然而，为了解低自我控制与欺凌行为之间的关系以及机会因素（即父母监督、与其他欺凌者的交往、负面的学校环境和教师采取的纪律措施）在低自我控制理论背景下对欺凌行为的影响，所开展的研究数量有限。本研究以近300名青少年为样本，考察了低自我控制和机会因素对各类欺凌行为的影响。结果表明，低自我控制的青少年更有可能实施身体和心理欺凌，这与该理论的预测一致。当引入机会测量指标时，它们对欺凌行为的解释力比低自我控制更强，尤其是与其他欺凌者的交往以及经历过教师纪律措施的青少年。负面的学校环境是心理欺凌的一个重要预测因素，但对身体欺凌并非如此。本文还讨论了理论和政策方面的意义。
