McGonagle Alyssa K, Walsh Benjamin M, Kath Lisa M, Morrow Stephanie L
Department of Psychology, Wayne State University.
Department of Management, University of Illinois at Springfield.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2014 Oct;19(4):437-52. doi: 10.1037/a0037110. Epub 2014 Jun 16.
Working environments that are both civil and safe are good for business and employee well-being. Civility has been empirically linked to such important outcomes as organizational performance and individuals' positive work-related attitudes, yet research relating civility to safety is lacking. In this study, we link perceptions of civility norms to perceptions of safety climate and safety outcomes. Drawing on social exchange theory, we proposed and tested a model in 2 samples wherein civility norms indirectly relate to safety outcomes through associations with various safety climate facets. Our results supported direct relationships between civility and management safety climate and coworker safety climate. Additionally, indirect effects of civility norms on unsafe behaviors and injuries were observed. Indirect effects of civility norms on unsafe behaviors were observed through coworker safety climate and work-safety tension. Indirect effects of civility norms on injuries were observed through management safety climate and work-safety tension for full-time employees, although these effects did not hold for part-time employees. This study provides initial evidence that researchers and practitioners may want to look beyond safety climate to civility norms to more comprehensively understand the origins of unsafe behaviors and injuries and to develop appropriate preventive interventions.
文明且安全的工作环境有利于企业经营和员工福祉。从经验上看，文明与组织绩效和个人积极的工作相关态度等重要成果有关，但将文明与安全联系起来的研究却很缺乏。在本研究中，我们将文明规范认知与安全氛围认知及安全结果联系起来。借鉴社会交换理论，我们在两个样本中提出并测试了一个模型，其中文明规范通过与各种安全氛围方面的关联间接与安全结果相关。我们的结果支持了文明与管理安全氛围及同事安全氛围之间的直接关系。此外，还观察到了文明规范对不安全行为和伤害的间接影响。通过同事安全氛围和工作安全紧张感观察到了文明规范对不安全行为的间接影响。对于全职员工，通过管理安全氛围和工作安全紧张感观察到了文明规范对伤害的间接影响，不过这些影响在兼职员工中并不成立。本研究提供了初步证据，表明研究人员和从业者可能需要超越安全氛围，关注文明规范，以便更全面地理解不安全行为和伤害的根源，并制定适当的预防干预措施。
