Wong Francisca S Y, Chan Barbara P, Lo Amy C Y
Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2014 Jun 13;15(6):10669-723. doi: 10.3390/ijms150610669.
There is a pressing need for long-term neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies to promote full function recovery of injuries in the human nervous system resulting from trauma, stroke or degenerative diseases. Although cell-based therapies are promising in supporting repair and regeneration, direct introduction to the injury site is plagued by problems such as low transplanted cell survival rate, limited graft integration, immunorejection, and tumor formation. Neural tissue engineering offers an integrative and multifaceted approach to tackle these complex neurological disorders. Synergistic therapeutic effects can be obtained from combining customized biomaterial scaffolds with cell-based therapies. Current scaffold-facilitated cell transplantation strategies aim to achieve structural and functional rescue via offering a three-dimensional permissive and instructive environment for sustainable neuroactive factor production for prolonged periods and/or cell replacement at the target site. In this review, we intend to highlight important considerations in biomaterial selection and to review major biodegradable or non-biodegradable scaffolds used for cell transplantation to the central and peripheral nervous system in preclinical and clinical trials. Expanded knowledge in biomaterial properties and their prolonged interaction with transplanted and host cells have greatly expanded the possibilities for designing suitable carrier systems and the potential of cell therapies in the nervous system.
迫切需要长期的神经保护和神经再生疗法，以促进人类神经系统因创伤、中风或退行性疾病而受损后的功能完全恢复。尽管基于细胞的疗法在支持修复和再生方面很有前景，但直接将其引入损伤部位却存在诸如移植细胞存活率低、移植物整合有限、免疫排斥和肿瘤形成等问题。神经组织工程提供了一种综合且多方面的方法来解决这些复杂的神经系统疾病。将定制的生物材料支架与基于细胞的疗法相结合可获得协同治疗效果。当前基于支架的细胞移植策略旨在通过提供一个三维的允许性和指导性环境，以实现长期可持续的神经活性因子产生和/或在靶位点进行细胞替代，从而实现结构和功能的挽救。在这篇综述中，我们旨在强调生物材料选择中的重要考虑因素，并回顾在临床前和临床试验中用于向中枢和外周神经系统进行细胞移植的主要可生物降解或不可生物降解支架。对生物材料特性及其与移植细胞和宿主细胞的长期相互作用的深入了解，极大地扩展了设计合适载体系统的可能性以及细胞疗法在神经系统中的潜力。
