Gupta Sangeeta
Del Med J. 2014 Mar;86(3):77-84.
The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of multiple risk factors for Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) and to identify disparities in risk status among population subgroups in Delaware. As a secondary analysis the study will also analyze self-reported CVD prevalence overall and discuss differences in prevalence by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, employment status, and county of residence.
Analysis was conducted using Delaware data for 4,777 respondents from the 2011 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Survey participants having greater than or equal to two of the following risk factors: obesity, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, current smoking, and diabetes mellitus were considered as having multiple risk factors for CVD.
In 2011, the prevalence of CVD in Delaware was 8.61 percent (95 percent Confidence Interval [CI, 7.55, 9.66]). Overall, 22.51 percent (95 percent CI, 20.62-24.40) of persons reported having no risk factors, 32.30 percent (95 percent CI, 30.31-34.28) reported one risk factor, and 45.20 percent (95 percent CI, 43.18-47.21) reported multiple risk factors. Prevalence of multiple risk factors was higher for the aged, less educated, and unemployed. Disparities by gender and race were not significant. Sussex County had a higher prevalence of CVD multiple risk factors, 53.18 percent (95 percent CI, 49.47-56.89) followed by Kent County, 49.75 percent (95 percent CI, 45.92-53.58).
One of the priority goals of Healthy People 2020 is to improve cardiovascular health and quality of life through prevention, detection, and treatment of risk factors for heart attack and stroke and also prevention of repeat cardiovascular events. This study indicates that in 2011 a higher proportion of the Delaware population had multiple risk factors for heart disease and stroke, particularly certain population subgroups defined by socioeconomic status. Development of effective prevention programs targeting populations with greater risk factor prevalence should reduce CVD incidence, which will significantly contribute to the decline in both CVD prevalence and CVD mortality. Understanding the determinants for modifiable risk factors might facilitate their control for public health.
本研究的目的是确定心血管疾病（CVD）多种风险因素的流行情况，并识别特拉华州不同人群亚组在风险状况方面的差异。作为一项二次分析，该研究还将分析总体自我报告的CVD患病率，并讨论按年龄、性别、种族/族裔、教育程度、收入、就业状况和居住县划分的患病率差异。
使用特拉华州2011年行为风险因素监测系统（BRFSS）中4777名受访者的数据进行分析。将具有以下风险因素中两项或两项以上的调查参与者视为具有CVD多种风险因素：肥胖、高血压、高血胆固醇、当前吸烟和糖尿病。
2011年，特拉华州CVD的患病率为8.61%（95%置信区间[CI，7.55，9.66]）。总体而言，22.51%（95%CI，20.62 - 24.40）的人报告没有风险因素，32.30%（95%CI，30.31 - 34.28）的人报告有一项风险因素，45.20%（95%CI，43.18 - 47.21）的人报告有多种风险因素。多种风险因素的患病率在老年人、受教育程度较低者和失业者中较高。性别和种族方面的差异不显著。苏塞克斯县CVD多种风险因素的患病率较高，为53.18%（95%CI，49.47 - 56.89），其次是肯特县，为49.75%（95%CI，45.92 - 53.58）。
《健康人民2020》的首要目标之一是通过预防、检测和治疗心脏病发作和中风的风险因素以及预防心血管事件复发来改善心血管健康和生活质量。本研究表明，2011年特拉华州较高比例的人口具有心脏病和中风的多种风险因素，特别是由社会经济地位定义的某些人群亚组。针对风险因素患病率较高人群制定有效的预防计划应能降低CVD发病率，这将显著有助于CVD患病率和CVD死亡率的下降。了解可改变风险因素的决定因素可能有助于对其进行公共卫生控制。
